Henry-VIII亨利八世

HenryVIIIandtheReformationinEnglandHisPoliticsandHisMerriages——燕山大学文法学院HenryVIII.HewastheKingofEnglandIreland.HebrokewiththechurchinRome.Heisalsonotedforhissixwives,twoofwhomwerebeheaded（斩首、处决）..HeisHenrytheEighthHenryVIIIWhentheeighteen－year－oldHenryⅧ（1491－1547）becameKingofEngland,hewasextremelypopular，forhehadallthequalitiesthathispeopleadmired．HenryVIIIHisinterestwas“girlsandhunting”，hespokethreeforeignlanguages．Hewasafirst－classhorsemanandmusician．Hewasacleverpoliticianwhotrustedparliament（议会、国会）andmadefulluseofit．HenryVIIIHenryVIIIisknownforhisroleintheseparationoftheChurchofEnglandfromtheRomanCatholicChurch（天主教堂）.Henry'sstruggleswithRomeledtotheseparationoftheChurchofEnglandfrompapalauthority（教皇权威）,theDissolutionoftheMonasteries（解散了修道院）,andestablishinghimselfastheSupremeHeadoftheChurchofEnglandHisMerriagesMarriagetoCatherineofAragonWhenHenrybecameKingofEngland,hemarriedCatherine,thedaughteroftheKingofSpainandwidowofhiselderbrother．ShegaveHenryadaughter，Mary，butallhersonsdiedatbirth.ButHenrybadlyneededason．HebegantofeelthatGodhadnotapprovedofhismarriageandPope（教皇）hadbeenwrongtoallowit．SecondMarriage-AnneBoleynInJanuary1533,HenrywedthepregnantAnneBoleyn,withThomasCranmerofficiating（主持）.TheThirdWife-JaneSeymourThedayafterAnne'sexecutionin1536HenrybecameengagedtoSeymour,whohadbeenoneoftheQueen'sladies-in-waiting.JaneSeymourdiedin1537shortlyaftergivingbirthtothefutureEdwardVI.The4thWife-AnneofClevesHenrywedAnneofClevessightunseenontheadviceofCromwell,thepurposebeingtocreatebythemarriageanalliance（联盟）withtheProtestant（新教）princes.Themarriagewasannulled（废止）byParliament（议会）andCromwellwasdismissedandeventuallyexecuted.The4thWife-CatherineHowardOn28July1540(thesamedayCromwellwasexecuted),HenrymarriedtheyoungCatherineHoward,afirstcousinandlady-in-waitingofAnneBoleynThe6thWife-CatherineParrHenry’slastwife,CatherineParr,apatronof(守护神)humanistsandreformersHisChildrenEdwardVI(1547-1553)WhenHenrydied,hissonandsuccessor（继承人）,EdwardVI,wasonlytenyearsold.Undertheregencies（摄政）ofthedukeofSomersetandthedukeofNorthumberland（萨默塞特公爵和诺森伯兰公爵）,EnglandfullyenactedtheProtestantReformation（新教改革）.MaryI(1553-1558)In1533,CatherineofAragon’sdaughtersucceededEdward(whohaddiedinhisteens)totheEnglishthrone（王位）asMaryIandproceededtorestoreCatholicdoctrine（教义）andpractice.ElizabethI(1558-1603)ItwasnotuntilthereignofAnneBoleyn’sdaughter,ElizabethI,thatalastingreligioussettlementwasworkedoutinEngland.HenryVIIIAnneElizabethAliceLouiseLaurencePrincessAnneBorninAugust15,1950,theBritishQueenElizabethII'seldestdaughter.PrincessAnnewasafamouscharityworker.SheistheonlyonewhotookpartintheOlympicGamesupontheBritishRoyalfamily.PrincessAnne'ssuccessPrincessAnnewasinterestedatequestrianism(马术)sinceshewasyoung,andsheisgoodatequestrianism,In1971,AnnewontheEuropeanchampionsMarseilleprincess,andwaselectedasthebestsportspersonalityoftheBroadcastingBritishCorporation.PrincessAnne'ssuccessIn1988,PrincessAnneparticipatedintheInternationalOlympicCommittee,andbecomealeadingmemberoftheOlympicgames.HerMarriagesInNovember14,1973,shemarriedwithMarkPhillips,theyhadasonandadaughter,butthemarriagewasnotsuccessful,PrincessAnnein1992Aprildivorce,andinthesameyear,,sheremarriage.