短暂性动词-延续性动词和现在完成时

短暂性动词，延续性动词和现在完成时延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束。它不能和一段时间连用。这类动词有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；★在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.★短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或howlong等状语连用。★值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago，疑问词howlong，inthepast+时间段，allthese+时间段，from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。例如：.Ihavereceivedhisletterforthreedays（×）Ihavereceivedhisletter.（√）Howlongdidsheleave.（×）Howlonghasshebeenaway?(√)★★★如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→behere★除了用上面的转化形式之外，还可以用其他的表达形式：A.Itis或者Ithasbeen+时间+since……（动词用过去式），B.主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago。例如：It’sfivedayssinceIreceivedhisletter.arrive→beherebegin(start)→beondie→bedeadcomeback→bebackleave→beaway(from)fallill(asleep)→beill(asleep)getup→beupgoout→beoutmarry→bemarriedfinish→beoverputon→wear或beonopen→beopenclose→beclosedjoin→bein/beamemberofgotoschool→beastudentborrow→keepbuy/get→havedress→bedressedcatch(acold)→have(acold)gettoknow→knowbegintostudy→studycometowork→workmoveto→liveinfinish/end→beovercometo→beinsitdown→beseatedHisfatherdiedthreeyearsago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他离开上海已经3天了。HeleftShanghaithreedaysago.HehasbeenawayfromShanghaiforthreedays/sincethreedaysagoItis/hasbeenthreedayssinceheleftShanghai.ThreedayshaspassedsinceheleftShanghai.几点注意事项:（1）havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别：havebeen(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回来的路上，总之，人不在这里。常用第三人称作主语。前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用，后者则不能。如：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们去过北京两次。HehasgonetoBeijing他去北京了。注意比较hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeenin的意义：HehasgonetoAmercia.（他到美国去了。他不在这里）HehasbeentoAmercia.（他去过美国。现已回来）HehasbeeninShanghai.（他在上海呆过。现在不在上海）Hehasbeeninshanghaiforyears.（他在上海多年。现在还在上海）（2）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。★另外，动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：延续性动词的肯定式+till/until短暂性动词的否定式+till/until请看例句：Wewaiteduntilhecame.Ididn’tgotobeduntilmyfathercamebackhomelastnight.短暂性动词，延续性动词和现在完成时练习I.句型转换：1.Mr.LibegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999.（同义句）Mr.Li_____________Englishinthisschoolsince1999.2.Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.（同义句Thefactory__________________fortenyears.3.JohnleftBeijingthreeyearsago.（同义句）Threeyears________________John_____Beijing.John_______________________Beijing_____threeyears.4.Hiscompanyopenedin2003.（同义句Hiscompany_______________since2003.5.Myfatherboughtthecarhalfayearago.（同义句Myfather____________thecar____halfayear.6.Wegottoknoweachotherforabout15years.（同义句We__________eachother_____about15years.7.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.（同义句Thefilm______________fortenminutes.8.Iborrowedthisbooktwoweeksago.（同义句I__________thisbookfortwoweeks.9.Myfathercamebackthedaybeforeyesterday.Myfatherhas____________fortwodays.10.Myuncleboughtthenewcartwomonthsago.Myunclehas______thenewcar______twomonthsago.II.用havebeen和havegone填空。1.Motherisn’there.She______tothebarber’s.2.______youever______abroadbefore?4.TomandMaryhavejustcomein.They______toaparty.5.TomandMaryaren’there.They______toaParty.6.Myfather______toNewYork.Heleftthismorning.12.Thestudents______tothecinematoseeafilmtoday.Nowtheyareback.14.Mr.andMrs.Smith______toLondonnow.They______theretwicealready.18.MissLi______never______toChinabefore.19.Where______you______?Themeetinghasalreadybegun.20.Where______he______?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.Ⅲ.选择题1.Thebookshop_____foreightyears.AhasbeenopenBhasbeenopenedChasopenedDhasopen2.I______theclubfor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin3.Thefactory________sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened4.MaryandRose_______friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome5.Youmustnt________untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft6.Themeeting_______foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught8.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became9.I______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned10.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead11.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept12.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad13.-----Howlong_____you_____ill?-----Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been14.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom15.Illlendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take16.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen17.Areyou_____thejacketthesedays?A.wearingB.puttingonC.dressingD.on18.He________foe2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup19.Tomisillinhospital.He_______acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad20.-----HowlongcanI______thebook?------Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep21.--Howlong____you_____thearmy?--Foroneandahalfyears.A.did,joinB.have,beeninC.have,joinedD.will,join22.—Oh,Mrs,King.Yourdresslooksnice.Isitnew?—No,I_____itsincetwoyearsago.A.hadB.boughtC.havehadD.havebought23.Jackhas___foraweek.A.hadacoldBgotacoldC.caughtacold24.“How