基于51单片机的大棚温湿度自动控制系统

河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书I摘要在现代农业生产中，大棚的应用越来越广泛。人们可以在任何时间买到任何季节的蔬菜水果都依赖于大棚。温室大棚种植最关键的因素是温度与湿度的控制。因此，本设计可以在单片机的作用下智能的完成对温室大棚温度与湿度的控制。本设计针对温室大棚温度、湿度要求采用PC机为上位计算机，单片机为下位机算计形成智能温室大棚环境测控系统。综合经济，效率，实用这三方面的因素，本设计最终确定采用以AT89S52单片机为核心的下位机，用DHT11数字温湿度传感器对温室大棚温湿度进行测量取样。通过对取样数据的分析，结合温室大棚的实际要求，最终实现对温室大棚温湿度的测量与控制。针对温室大棚不同要求，可以通过键盘设定期望的温湿度上下限。当有一个参数超过期望值时，声光报警器启动，并通过固态继电器打开执行机构进行调整。下位机与上位机之间通过RS232进行通信。本设计软件采用C语言模块化编程，方便修改调试，硬件电路主要包括单片机、温湿度传感器、显示模块、报警器和键盘。系统采用人性化设计，造价低，性能高，均采用性能稳定的元器件来实现对温室大棚的温湿度控制。既节省了人力，有提高了效率，具有广泛的市场和应用空间。关键词：大棚、温湿度、智能、单片机、传感器河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书IIABSTRACTInthemodernagriculturalproduction,shedgreenhouseusedmorewidely.It’sbecauseofshedgreenhousepeoplecanbuyeverythinginanyseasons.Themostimportantelementofcultivateinshedgreenhouseisthecontroloftemperatureandhumidity.So,thisprojectcanfinishthecontroloftemperatureandhumiditywiththehelpofSCM.Asfortherequirementofthetemperatureandhumidity,thisprojectusePCashostcomputer,useSCMaslowercomputertotakeshapeintelligentgreenhouseenvironmentmeasurementandcontrolsystem.Consideringeconomy,efficiencyandfunctionalthisthesisdesignA89S52asthecorecontrolapparatusandDHT11asdigitaltemperatureandhumiditysensortomeasureandtakesamples.Accordingtotheanalysisofthedataandrequirement,thissystemcanmakethecontrolofgreenhousecometrue.Fordifferentparameters,wecanusekeyboardtosettheanticipantrangeofthecrop.ThesecondarycomputercommunicateswithhostcomputerthoughRS232.Inorderthatit'smodelblockiscomposedofdataacquisition,keyboardanddisplay,sirenandsoon.Atthelast,thisthesispresentsthereliabilityandthemeasurestoagainstinterference,andmakethesystemworkmorereliableandstable.Thesystemusesauser-friendlydesign,lowprice,highquality,usingstablecomponentstomakethecontrolpossible.Notonlysavemanpower,hashighefficiency,butalsohasawiderangeofmarketandapplication.Keywords:greenhouse,temperatureandhumidity,intelligence,SCM,sensor河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书III目录1绪论..........................................................................................................................................11.1温湿度控制背景及研究意义.......................................................................................11.2温湿度测控技术的发展状况.......................................................................................21.2.1国外发展状况....................................................................................................21.2.2国内发展状况....................................................................................................21.3课题的主要内容及研究意义.......................................................................................31.3.1课题的主要内容................................................................................................31.3.2课题的研究意义................................................................................................42研究方案的设计......................................................................................................................52.1温室内温湿度参数的调节...........................................................................................52.1.1温室内温度的调节与控制................................................................................52.1.2温室湿度的调节与控制....................................................................................62.1.3温度湿度之间的耦合控制................................................................................62.2系统总体方案设计.......................................................................................................62.2.1概述...................................................................................................................62.2.2总体方案设计....................................................................................................82.3本章小结.......................................................................................................................83硬件设计..................................................................................................................................93.1温度数据的采集与处理...............................................................................................93.1.1温度传感器的选用............................................................................................93.2湿度数据的采集与处理...............................................................................................93.2.1湿度传感器的选用..........................................................................................103.2.2温湿度测量电路及其工作原理......................................................................103.3键盘和显示电路设计.................................................................................................123.3.1键盘电路设计..................................................................................................123.3.2显示电路设计..................................................................................................123.4报警电路.....................................................................................................................143.5执行机构电路.............................................................................................................