《英语国家概况》英国`期末整理

TheUnitedKingdomStep1TheCountry&People1、GeographicallocationTheUKisanislandcountry.TheUKislocatedinthenorthwesternEurope.TheUKisacountryofislandsurroundedbyNorthsea(toitseast),Atlanticocean(toitsnorth),Irishsea(toitswestandbetweenGreatBritainandIreland),EnglishChannel（英吉利海峡）andStraitofDover（多佛尔海峡）(toitssouth).2、Common-senseknowledgeNationalAnthem：《上帝保佑女王》godsavethequeen（男性君主为godsavetheking）NationalFlower：RoseTheCapital:London3、AreaandpopulationArea:244,820sqkmPopulation:60.9million(2008)Themostdenselypopulatedarea:England(84%)Theleastdenselypopulatedarea:ScotlandTheleastpopulatedarea:NorthernIreland(lessthan3%)4、BritishCommonwealth(1931)P9(expressinginEnglish)BritishCommonwealth—AlsoknownastheCommonwealthofNations,itisanassociationcomprisingtheUnitedKingdomandfiftyorsoformerBritishcoloniesthatarenowsovereignstateswithacommonallegiancetotheBritishCrown,includingCanada,Australia,India,andmanycountriesintheWestIndiesandAfrica.ItwasformallyestablishedbytheStatuteofWestminsterin1931.AmongthemembersoftheCommonwealth,sixteensovereignstatesseparatelyrecognizeQueenElizabethⅡastheirmonarchandarenamedtheCommonwealthRealms.ItincludestheUKitself,Canada,Australia,andNewZealand,amongothers.英联邦(CommonwealthofNations)，是以英国为主导的国家联合体，由英国及其自治领和其他已独立的前殖民地、附属国组成，由54个主权国家（含属地）所组成，成员大多为前大英帝国的殖民地或附属国。各自治领地地位平等，彼此的内政和外交完全独立；共同效忠于英王，皆为自由结合的英联邦的成员。该组织元首为英国女王伊丽莎白二世，同时身兼英联邦王国内的16国的国家元首。英联邦成员国及其附属国占据了全球五分之一的土地及四分之一的人口。成员国在许多领域进行商讨和合作，包括贸易、金融、国防、教育、技术、科研、法律、医药和农业。英联邦不是一个国家，而是一个松散的组织。英联邦是英国对联邦其他成员国在政治、军事、财政经济和文化上施加影响的组织。5、Capitalcity—LondonLondonisintheSoutheastofthenationandissituatedontheThamesRivernearitsmouth.LondonisthelargestcityandlargestportintheUK.Thepoliticalcenter:Buckinghampalace（白金汉宫，英国皇宫）,PalaceofWestminster/Houseofparliament（国会大厦）,Downingstreet（唐宁街）Thefinancialcenter:Oneofthethreemajorinternationalfinancialcentersintheworld.(Parisand1NewYork)Theheartofartsandculture:TheUniversityofLondon(thelargestuniversityintheUK),Britishmuseum（大英博物馆）CityofFog（雾都）LondonisdividedintotheCityofLondon(金融城)andtheCountyofLondon(includesallthesuburbsandpartofthecountrysidearoundLondon,isdividedinto32boroughs区，自治市镇，城区).6、TouristAttractionsinLondonThamesRiver（泰晤士河）TowerBridge（伦敦塔桥）PalaceofWestminster/Houseofparliament（威斯敏斯特宫/国会大厦）威斯敏斯特宫（PalaceofWestminster），又称国会大厦（HousesofParliament）是英国国会（包括上议院和下议院）的所在地。威斯敏斯特宫是哥德复兴式建筑的代表作之一。WestminsterAbbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）Politicalsignificance：Royalweddingceremony&RoyaltombCommemoratorysignificance：Tombsofmanyfamouspeople“Poet’scorner”（诗人之角）Whowasthefirstliteraryfigureburiedhere?----Chaucer(fatherofEnglishhistory)Whowasthelastroyalfamilymemberburiedhere?---Diana(RoseofEngland)Intherightpicture,whosetombisit?---NewtonWhobuiltit?----Edwardtheconfessor（忏悔者）SwissReTower（瑞士再保险塔）LondonEye（伦敦眼）MillenniumBridge（千禧桥）Greenwichobservatory（格林威治天文台）CanaryWharf（金丝雀码头）MillenniumDome（千年穹顶）StPaul’sCathedral（圣保罗大教堂）LondonTower（伦敦塔）CanaryWharfTower（金丝雀码头塔）OneCanadaSquare第一加拿大广场HSBCTower汇丰银行塔8CanadaSquare第八加拿大广场CitigroupCentre花旗集团中心BuckinghamPalace（白金汉宫）—theresidenceofthequeen（女王住处）7、DifferentnamesforBritainanditsparts8、Topography（地形）①RisinginNorth-Westcausehighlandsthere;②SinkinginSouth-Eastcauselowlands.29、Fillingintheblanks1）TheBritishIsles—ageographictermwhichincludestwolargeislands,GreatBritainandIrelandisland,and5,000smallislands.2）GreatBritaincomprisesonlyEngland,ScotlandandWales.3）IrelandislandincludesNorthernIrelandandsouthernIreland.NorthernIrelandisapartoftheUK,whilesouthernIrelandbecameanindependentcountry—RepublicofIreland.4）TheUKismadeupofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.NorthernIrelandismadeupofEngland,ScotlandandWales.5）ThreetermsBritishIsles（不列颠群岛）：TwolargeislandsandhundredsofsmallonesBritain：GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandGreatBritain：England,WalesandScotland10、Terms&Capitals&FeaturesTermCapitalFeaturesEnglandLondonThemostpopulousanddenselypopulatedarea（人口密度最大，人口最多）ScotlandEdinburgh爱丁堡itspopulationdensityisthelowest（人口密度最小）WalesCardiff加的夫NorthernIrelandBelfast贝尔法斯特Theleastpopulous（人口最少）11、Rivers&LakesThelongestriver:theSevern（塞汶河）The2ndbutmostimportantriver:Thames（泰晤士河）ThelargestlakeintheUK:LoughNeagh（内伊湖，英国最大的淡水湖）LoughLomond（洛蒙德湖）,onthesouthwesternedgeoftheHigh-landsofScotland,isthelargestontheislandofGreatBritain.12、Climate&Weather①Changeable②Mildtemperature③Abundantrainfall1.mid-latitudeoceanicclimate（中纬海洋性气候）a.Favorableone,wintersaremildnottoocoldandsummersarecoolnottoohot;b.Steadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear;c.Smallrangeoftemperature.2.Factorsa.Thesurroundingwaterstendtobalancetheseasonal（季节性的）differencesbyheatingupthelandinwinterandcoolingitoffinsummer;b.TheWesterlies（盛行西风带）blowoverthecountryalltheyearroundbringingwarmandwetairinwinterandkeepingthetemperaturesmoderate;c.TheNorthAtlanticDrift（北大西洋暖流）,whichisawarmcurrent,passesthewesterncoastoftheBritishIslesandwarmsthem.3.Rainfalla.General:Britainhasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.TheaverageannualrainfallinBritainisover1,000mm;3b.Character:①Watersurplusinnorthandwest;②Waterdeficitinsouthandeast;c.Reservoirs（水库）havetobebuiltinhighlandareassuchasCent