创伤叙事与_不及物写作_

/0X林庆新创伤者对过去创伤性情景的强迫性召回常常以记忆的变形扭曲和伪装的形式出现,这就给如何评价创伤叙事带来了难度,也把创伤研究和历史叙事及文学叙事联系在了一起本文讨论一种被认为适合于创伤叙事的写作方法,即/不及物写作0,对弗洛伊德(SigmundFreud)罗兰#巴尔特(RolandBarthes)贝雷尔#兰(BerelLang)海登#怀特(HaydenWhite)多米尼克#拉卡普拉(DominickLaCapra)卡西#卡鲁思(CathyCaruth)安妮#怀特黑德(AnneWhitehead)等学者的相关论述进行了梳理和分析,并探讨了创伤研究的文学意义创伤不及物写作证词中间语态/0(trauma),/0,:/,,,,0¹(traumaticneuroses)/0,/0(fixed),,,/,,,,0º))),))),,,/,0»,,/0,23X/0(:06JA75047-99001)1980,/0(pos-ttraumaticstressdisorder)¼70,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:2090,)))))),½/0(),/0(livingmemory),,,,,,/0,1985,#956(TheShoah),13,,,/0,/0,,,90,#(ShoshanaFelman)/0,/0199356#/0(SurvivorsoftheShoahFund)5122420084(112),,,,,;/0,,,/0,,,(MauriceHalbwachs),,,,,¾:,#(KalŠTal),(codified),,/0(mythologization)/0(medicalization)/0(disappearance)/(-.),,-.,-.)))-0¿,##5)))6,À,/0,Á,,,#,/,,-.0Â,:/(),,,;(),1920;(),,25/0,;(),0lv,,30,?,,,,,,,,/0,,,,,,,,90,,,lw,,,,,,P,,,,,,(),(56P),,,,,:,,,P,/0,/0,,2620084(112)/0?##(Jean-FrancoisLyotard)/0,,/-.,,0lx,,#(BerelLang)56,/0,,,,#,,(),,/,)))))):;0ly,,,#,,,#/0,,/0,,###,#(HaydenWhite)/0,#/0,/0(radicalconstructivism),,,/0,,lz,,,()()()()l{,,#,/0?,#:#/0,,#,/027/0,19,#,/0,/0,/0l|5:?6(1966)/0(semio-criticism),,20l},()()(),,,,,/0/0/0/0/0,/0:,,,:/-.,,0l~,,,,,:/,(),,-.0mu/0,,;/056,#/0/,,,,,0,/,,0mv,,:/0/0,,,,)))))),,,2820084(112),,:,,,,PP,PP,,/0;,,,#/0/0#,,#(CathyCaruth)#(AnneWhitehead))))5656))),56,,:,,,1991:/))))))()0mw,5656,/0,/0:(),,,/0,/0,;/0/0,,,,,,,,,/,0mx,,)))29/0))),,,/0/0,:,;,,,my:,,,:,,#56mzP,,,/0(act-ingouttrauma),/0(workingthroughtrauma),,,/0/0,,/0,,,,/0,,/9#110/0,,20,,:¹º»:56,,1984,216,217,220¼AnneWhitehead,TraumaFiction(Edinburgh:EdinburghUn-iversityPress,2004),p.4.½90,:LawrenceLanger,HolocaustTestimonies:TheRuinsofMemory(NewHaven,CTandLondon:YaleUP,1991);SaulFriedlandered.,ProbingtheLimitsofRepresentation:Nazismandthe/FinalSolution0(Cambridge,MA:HarvardUP,1992);ShoshanaFelmanandDoriLaub,Testimony:CrisisofWitnessinginLiterature,PsychoanalysisandHistory(NewYorkandLondon:Routledge,1992);SaulFriedlander,Memory,History,andtheExterminationoftheJewsofEurope(Bloom-3020084(112)ington:UofIndianaP,1993);GeoffreyHartmaned.,Holo-caustRemembrance:TheShapesofMemory(Cambridge,MA:Blackwell,1994);DominickLaCapra,RepresentingtheHolo-caust:History,Theory,Trauma(Ithaca,NYandLondon:CornellUP,1994);CathyCaruthed.,Trauma:ExplorationsinMemory(Baltimore,MD:JohnsHopkinsUP,1995);CathyCaruth,UnclaimedExperience:Trauma,Narrative,andHistory(Baltimore,MDandLondon:JohnsHopkinsUP,1996);GeoffreyHartman,TheLongestShadow:IntheAfter-mathoftheHolocaust(BloomingtonandIndianapolis:IndianaUP,1996);MartinGilbert,HolocaustJourney:TravellinginSearchofthePast(London:Wiedenfield&Nicolson,1997);DominickLaCapra,HistoryandMemoryafterAuschwitz(IthacaandLondon:CornellUP,1998)¾MauriceHalbwachs,OnCollectiveMemory,ed.andtrans.LewisACoser(ChicagoandLondon:UofChicagoP,1992).¿KalŠTal,WordsofHurt:ReadingtheLiteratureofTrauma(Cambridge:CambridgeUP,1996),p.6.ÀDanielJonahGoldhagen,HitlerpsWillingExecutioners:Ordi-naryGermansandtheHolocaust(NewYork:AlfredA.Knopf,1996)56,,1998ÁRobertR.Shandleyed.,TheGoldhagenDebate(Minne-apolis:UofMinnesotaP,1998);NormanG.FinkelsteinandRuthBettinaBirn,ANationonTrial:TheGoldhagenThesisandHistoricalTruth(NewYork:HenryHoltandCo.,1998);DominickLaCapra,WritingHistory,WritingTrauma(Balt-imoreandLondon:TheJohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,2001)ÂlvlwDominickLaCapra,WritingHistory,WritingTrauma(BaltimoreandLondon:TheJohnsHopkinsUP,2001)p.120,pp.130-131,p.86.lxJean-FrancoisLyotard,TheDifferend:PhrasesinDispute(Minneapolis,1988),p.57.lyBerelLang,ActandIdeaintheNaziGenocide(Chicago:UofChicagoP,1990),p.144.lzl{mvHaydenWhite,Metahistory:TheHistoricalImaginationinNineteenth-CenturyEurope(BaltimoreandLondon:TheJohnsHopkinsUP,1973),pp.6-7,pp.7-38,p.52.l|HaydenWhite,/HistoricalEmplotmentandtheProblemofTruth0,inSaulFriedlandered.,ProbingtheLimitsofRepre-sentation:Nazismandthe/Finalsolution0(Cambridge,MA:HarvardUP,1992),p.48.l}l~muRolandBarthes,/ToWrite:AnIntransitiveVerb?0,inPhilipRiceetal.eds.,ModernLiteraryTheory:AReader(London,NewYork:Arnold,1996),pp.41-42,p.48,p.49.mwmxmyCathyCaruth,/UnclaimedExperience:TraumaandthePossibilityofHistory0,YaleFrenchStudies,No.79(1991),p.182,p.184,p.185.mzAnneWhitehead,TraumaFiction(Edinburgh:EdinburghUP,2004).TheNarrationofTraumaand/IntransitiveWriting0LINQingxinAbstract:Thecompulsiverevisitsofthetraumatizedtopasttraumaticscenesoftentakedeformed,distort-edanddisguisedforms,whichbothcausesthedifficultyofevaluatingtraumanarrativesandconnectsthestudyoftraumawiththatofthehistoricalandliterarynarrative.Thispaperdiscusseswhatisconsideredtobeasuit-ablewayofrepresentingtrauma,i.e.,/intransitivewriting0,inconnectionwiththetraumatheoriesproposedbysuchwritersasSigmundFreud,RolandBarthes,BerelLang,HaydenWhite,DominickLaCapra,CathyCa-ruthandAnneWhitehead.Italsodiscussesthesignificanceoftraumastudytoliterarystudy.Keywords:trauma,intransitivewriting,testimonies,middlevoice(作者单位:北京大学英语系):31/0