2011届高考英语二轮专题复习课件(湖南专用)：完形填空-专题四说明文

专题四说明文专题四│说明文专题导读专题四│专题导读说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)；二是事理说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。具体特点为：专题四│专题导读1．开头点题。做说明文完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明型填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。2．结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。专题四│专题导读说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。真题再现专题四│真题再现[2010·安徽改编]Mostpeoplegivelittlethoughttothepenstheywritewith,especiallysincetheprintersinmodernhomesandofficesmeanthatveryfewthingsarehandwritten.Alltoooften,peoplebuyapenbasedonlyon__1__andwonderwhytheyarenotsatisfiedoncetheybegintouseit.However,buyingapenthatyou’llenjoyisnot__2__ifyoukeepthefollowinginmind.专题四│真题再现Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe__3__touse.Thethicknessofthepenisthemostimportantcharacteristic(特征)__4__comfort.Havingasmallhandandthickfingers,youmaybecomfortablewithathinpen.Ifyouhavealargerhandandthickerfingers,youmay__5__afatterpen.Thelengthofapencanalsoinfluencecomfort.Apenthatistoo__6__caneasilyfeeltopheavyandunstable.专题四│真题再现Then,thewritingpointofthepenshould__7__theinktoflowevenly(均匀地)whilethepenremainsintouchwiththepaper.Thiswillmakeitpossibleforyoutocreatea__8__lineofwriting.Thepointshouldalsobesensitiveenoughtopreventinkfromrunningwhenthepenislifted.Apointthatdoesnotblockthe__9__mayleavedropsofinks,asyoupickupandputitdownagain.专题四│真题再现__10__，thepenshouldmakeathick，darkline.Finelinepensmay__11__badhandwriting,butfine,delicatelinesdonotcommand__12__nexttoprintedtext,as,forexample,asignatureonaprintedletter.Abroaderline,ontheotherhand,givesanimpressionofconfidenceandauthority(权威)．()1.A.looksB．reasonsC．valuesD．advantages()2.A.convenientB．practicalC．strangeD．difficult专题四│真题再现()3.A.heavyB．easyC．hardD．safe()4.A.talkingB．findingC．determiningD．seeking()5.A.preferB．recommendC．prepareD．demand()6.A.thickB．lightC．longD．soft()7.A.changeB．allowC．reduceD．press专题四│真题再现()8.A.thinB．roughC．blackD．smooth()9.A.wayB．sightC．flowD．steam()10.A.MeanwhileB．GenerallyC．AfterwardsD．Finally()11.A.showupB．differfromC．breakdownD．compensatefor()12.A.attentionB．supportC．respectD．admission专题四│真题再现【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者向我们介绍了什么形状的钢笔让我们使用起来感到舒服，笔尖的好坏对我们书写的影响以及线条的粗细和深浅所产生的影响。1．A人们买钢笔时经常仅仅根据外表。looks外表、外貌。2．D然而如果你遵循下面的方法的话，买一支你喜欢的钢笔并不难。由转折词However可知此处使用difficult符合句意。专题四│真题再现3．B拿在手中比较舒服的钢笔使用起来也比较容易。由fitcomfortably可知此处指钢笔好用。4．C决定钢笔使用起来是否舒服的最重要的因素是钢笔的粗细。这里用动词determineing。5．A由前后句意可知此处应该用prefer(更喜欢)。6．C太长的钢笔会使人感到顶端太重以及不稳定。由前后句意可知此处强调太长钢笔的弊端。7．B笔尖应该能够使墨水均匀地流出。allowsb.∕sth.todosth.准许某人∕物做某事。专题四│真题再现8．D由上句笔尖能够使墨水均匀地流出可知此处指：使写出流畅的字体成为可能。smooth流畅的、光滑的。9．C不能阻止墨水流出的笔尖可能会留下一滴滴的墨水。block阻塞，堵塞。此题易误选A，blocktheway堵塞道路，不符合句意要求。10．D由第二段句首的Firstofall和第三段句首的Then以及最后一段的内容可知此处应该用Finally，表示此段介绍钢笔的最后一个特点。11．D细线条的钢笔可以弥补蹩脚的书写。compensatefor补偿，赔偿。12．A专题预测专题四│专题预测Dearteachersandstudents,todayIhaveimportantnewstoannouncethatourschoolwillholdaThanksgivingquizcompetitionthismonth.Nearly400yearsago,ourforefathersexploredthislandandlivedonitafterexperiencingunimaginablehardships.Becauseoftheirgreat__1__，lifegetsbetterandbetter.It’stheculturethatweshouldnever__2__.Therefore,tomaintainourforefathers’traditionandbringyou__3__beforetheThanksgivingholiday,ourschoolwillholdthiscompetition.专题四│专题预测Thisyearthecompetitionisbasedonanadvancedway—theonlinequiz,which__4__thatthecompetitioncanbeheldwithinflexibletime,withmorecontestantsandmorepleasure,butlesspressure.Next,pleaseallowmetogiveyousomedetailed__5__.__6__weholdthiscompetitionbythemeansofmakinganonlinequiz,youcandothequizonourschool’sWebsiteanytimefromNovember23rdto30th.Thisonlinequizsystem__7__hundredsofyoutodothecompetitionwhenyouhavetime.It’llsaveyououtofthe__8__betweenyouracademicworkandthecompetition.专题四│专题预测ThisonlineThanksgivingquizcompetitionwill__9__yourknowledgefromvariousaspects.You’llbetestedonThanksgiving’shistory,custom,etc.Besides,everycontestantwillgettherandomized(随机的)questionstoavoidcheating.Finally,thisisacompetitionwithcoolprizesfortop50winners.Asforthescore,youcanknowit__10__.Becauseit’saselfgradingquiz,youcanseeyourscoreonceyoufinishthetesting.Themoreamazingpointisthattheresultscanberankedbythescoresandtop50winnerscanbe__11__shortly.Itisquite__12__，isn’tit?Theexactnamelistofthewinnerswillbedeclaredonthewebsitesoonafterthecompetition.专题四│专题预测Dearstudents,welcometothecompetitionbasedontheonlineThanksgivingquiz.Wishyougoodluck!()1.A.ambitionsB．effortsC．preparationsD．congratulations()2.A.abuseB．destroyC．discriminateD．forget()3.A.pleasureB．knowledgeC．promotionD．hope()4.A.demandsB．indicatesC．meansD．agrees专题四│专题预测()5.A.analysisB．instructionC．suggestionD．regulation()6.A.ThoughB．WhenC．AfterD．Because()7.A.allowsB．advisesC．promisesD．requires()8.A.disorderB．differenceC．dilemmaD．distribution()9.A.useB．checkC．enrichD．prove专题四│专题预测()10.A.suddenlyB．graduallyC．qu