高考英语复习：倒装结构 (1)2

高三英语总复习语法系列训练倒装结构倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语都放在主语的前面；在部分倒装的句子中，只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍放在主语后面。下面将常见的倒装情况分述如下：一、由there,here或now等引起，谓语为come（或go）的句子，例如：Therecomesthebus!Theregoesthebell!HerecomesMary!Nowcomesyourturn.注：如果主语为人称代词，仍用自然语序，例如：Therehecomes!Hereshecomes!二、由then引起，谓语为come（或follow）的句子，例如：Thencameanewdifficulty.ThenfollowedeightyearsoftheAnti-JapaneseWar.Thencamewind,hailandfrost.三、由here（或there）引导，谓语为be的句子，如：HereisChina’slargesttropicalforest.Herearesomepicture-books.注：如果主语为人称代词，仍用自然语序，如：Hereyouare./Hereweare./Hereitis./Thereheis.四、由so引起的，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子，如：“Wemuststartforthework-sitenow.”“Somustwe.”Societyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.Heplaystheviolinquitewell.Sodoesmysister.HehasbeentoBeijing,sohaveI.注：如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，尽管so用开头，语序也不要倒装，如：--Itwascoldyesterday.–Soitwas!--TomorrowwillbeMonday.–Soitwill.五、由neither或nor引起的，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子，如：--Iwon’tdosuchathing.–Neither/NorwillI.Ifyouwon’tgo,neithershallI.--Ihaven’tdonemyhomework.–Neither/NorhaveI.Ididn’treadthenoticeonthebulletinboard,nordidhe.六、在if引导的非真实条件句中，如有助动词had,should或were时，可以省略if，进行倒装，如：HadIcomefiveminutesearlier,Iwouldhavemetthefamousscientist.(IfIhadcomefiveminutes…)HadIbeeninformedearlier,Icouldhavedonesomething.Shouldanyonecall,tellhimtowaitformehere.WereItenyearsyounger,Iwouldbeabletoclimbtothetopofthehill.Shouldyouchangeyourmind,letusknow.(IfIwereyou…不倒装)七、在描写情景时，有时为了生动，可以把out,in,up,down,away等副词放在主语前，同时主谓倒装，如：Upwentthearrowintotheair.Upflewtheredballoon.Followingtheroar,outrushedatigerfromamongthebushes.注：如果主语是一个人称代词，谓语仍放在后面，如：Awaytheywent./Downitflew./Upitwent.八、当as引导让步状语从句时，可以把表语提到前面来，采用“形容词（或副词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”这种形式，如：Oldasmyfatheris,hekeepsupwithhisEnglishstudy.Childasheis,heknowssomethingofelectricity.Tiredashewas,hecontinuedtowork.Youngasshewas,shewasalreadydirectorofafactory.九、当always,often,well,manyatime等词放在句首时，后面常用倒装语序，如：Alwaysdidthesoldiergotohelpthevillagers.Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.WelldoIrememberthedayIsawawildtiger.Manyatimedidhegoswimmingintheriver.注：上述所说的词不放在句首，不用倒装语序。十、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，其后面的主语部分要进行倒装，如：Onlyinthiswaycanyouhopetoimprovethesituationthere.OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.Onlyoncedidhisfatherdiscusshisfuturewithhim.OnlyyesterdaydidIrealizewhatwasgoingon.OnlyafterhecamebackwasIabletoseehim.注：only修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如：OnlysocialismcansaveChina.十一、含有否定意义的副词、连词或短语构成的状语放在句首时，常用倒装语序。这些词和词组有：not,never,hardly,seldom,little,rarely,scarcely,notuntil,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,nosooner…than…,hardly…when…,scarcely…when等，例如：NevershallIforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.Notonlydidhereadthebook,butalsorememberedwhathehadread.Nosoonerhadhearrivedtherethanhefellill.Hardly/Scarcelyhadshefallenasleepwhenaknockatthedoorawakenedher.注：上面所说的词和词组如果不在句首，句子不必用倒装语序。另外，notonly…butalso连接两个主语时，不用倒装，如：Notonlythestudents,butalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.十二、当so（或such）…that…结构中的so或such用于句首时，要采取倒装语序，如：Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.Soloudlydidhespeakthathewasheardupstairs.SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.Soangrywashethathecouldn’tspeak.Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.Suchwashisstrengththathecouldbendironbars.注：such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：Suchwastheresult.Suchwereherwords.Suchwasthestoryhetold.十三、在下列结构中也常用倒装语序：Onahillinfrontofthemstoodagreatcastle.Onthebedlayasickoldman.UnderthetreewassittingoneofthebiggestmenIhaveeverseen.Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungmenplayingcards.Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedaboutseventeen.Good-bye!高三英语总复习语法系列训练倒装结构(Ⅱ)1、倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等，例如：Theregoesthebell./Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词，例如：Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Herehecomes./Awaytheywent.2、倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.典型例题—Whycan'tIsmokehere?—Atnotime_______inthemeeting-room.A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_______whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didn'tmanknowD.didmanknow答案D.看到Notuntil…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。3、以否定词开头作部分倒装如:Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…thanNotonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudent