高三英语定语从句综合讲练

定语从句(theattributiveclause)在复合句中,修饰某一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词(theantecedent)引导定语从句的词叫关系代词(therelativepronouns)that,which,who,whom,whose,as,but和关系副词(therelativeadverbs)when,where,why等关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用,同时在从句中充当成份.E.g.:Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.AthatBwhoCfromwhomDtowhomturntosb意为求助,请教某人,故选D关系代词在从句中关系副词先行词充当的成分备注that人或物主语、宾语或表语不引导分限制性定语从句作宾语或表语时可不直接作介词宾语以省略(3)避免重复which物主语、宾语或表语Which五不用:(1)先行词是不定代(作宾语时可以省略)(2)先行词有人又有物(3)先行词被形容词或副词的最高级或序数词修饰时(4)先行词被only,little,all,very,just,any,no,every,thesame,such等词修饰时(5)避免重复who人主语、宾语或表语Who三不用(1)有人又有物先行词(作宾语时可以省略)(2)不直接作介词宾语(3)避免重复whom人宾语whose人或物定语whose+n=ofwhich/whom+the+n或the+n+ofwhich/whomwhen时间名词时间状语在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时用that或whichwhere地点名词地点状语在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时用that或which关系代词在从句中关系副词先行词充当的成分备注why原因名词原因状语在从句中作主、宾或表语时用或as人或物主语、宾语或表语与so……as,such……as,as……as,thesame……as连用but人或物主语、宾语或表语等于thatnotThat在引导定语从句时的用法1，ThecustomeriscalledTom.Youjustservedhim.→2，Thedeskismadeofbamboo.Youbroughtittous.→3，Heisnottheman.HewasthemanwhenIfirstsawhim..→4,ThatwhichhurtTomintheheadisadatetreebranch.注：1，当关系代词在从句中充当宾语或表语时，可省略2，当先行词是that时不再用that(避免重复)3，不引导非限制性定语从句4，不直接作介词宾语Thecustomer(that)youjustnowservediscalledTom.Thedesk(that)youbroughttousismadeofbamboo.Heisnottheman(that)hewaswhenIfirstsawhim.which引导定语从句，先行词是表示物的名词，在从句中作主语，宾语等．Thebook______liesonthetableismine.Thenewbike______myfatherboughttomewaslostyesterday.注：当关系代词在从句中充当宾语时，可省略，但介词后的which不可省略．不用which引导定语从句的情况．(1)先行词是不定代词all,no,none,everyone,something,much,little等．Allthatglittersisnotgold.(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.③先行词中又有人，又有物时Theytalkedforanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.(4)先行词被（only,little,all,very,just,any,no,every,thesame,such等词修饰时）I’vereadallthebooksthathehasreturned.ThisistheonlybookthatIhaven’treadonthissubject.(5)避免重复(先行词中有which时)Whichofthebooksthatyouborrowedfromthelibraryisthemostinteresting?as引导定语句时多与as,thesame,such等连用．常译成“正如……；正像……”Asmanypeopleasyoucanseehere,workveryhard.DoyouhavethesamepenasTomdoes?Idon’thavesuchastrongbodyasyoudo.注：我已经找到了我昨天丢的那支钢笔。我已经找到了一只和我昨天丢的一样的钢笔。你能拿走多少苹果就拿多少。Thatisthebookwhosecoverisblue.=Thatisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.=Thatisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.)Doyouknowthegirlwhosefatherisaheadmaster?whosefather=ofwhomthefather=thefatherofwhom我住在窗户朝南的房间里。whose引导定语从句,在句中作定语．先行词可以是人也可以是物IhavefoundthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.IhavefoundthesamepenasIlostyesterday.Takeasmanyapplesasyoucan.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.who,whom引导定语从句，先行词是人，who在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，whom作宾语．在直接作介词宾语时，只用whomThisistheman________________________（你要见的）Thisistheman________________________(为你服务的）Thisistheman________________________(和我一起去公园的）注：1，当先行词中有人又有物时，不用who2.先行词中有Who,不再用who.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?1.He_________________________(不到长城的）isnotatrueman.2.Thestudents_________________(你们在谈论的）ismyuncle.3.Theboy_________________(在踢足球的）ismyclassmate.4._________________________(经常和我们一起学习的人）isTom.5.（唱英语歌最好的那个女孩）________________________isJane.6._____________________(会跳舞的学生）arelikedbyall.who/whomyouwanttosee.whoservedyoujustnow.withwhomIwenttothepark.whodesnotreachtheGreatWallyouaretalkingaboutwhoisplayingfootballThemanweoftenstudywithThegirlwhosingsEnglishsongsbestThestudentswhocandancewhen,引导定语从句．(1)先行词是表示时间的名词;(2)先行词与介词构成短语,在从句中作时间状语，用when来替换这个介词短语，在重句中作状语）Istillremembertheday.Iwenttoschoolonthatday.when=onwhichIwillneverforgettheweekwhenIwasinBeijing.when=inwhich注：尽管先行词是表示时间的名词，但是在从句中不充当时间状语．引导这个定语从句．不能用when.例如：I’llneverforgettheweek.IspenttheweekinBeijing.I’llneverforgettheweek(which/that)IspentinBeijing.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatbroughtmealotofpleasure.我永远也不会忘记给我带来快乐的那些日子。我仍然记得我当兵的那些日子。你还记得我们一起在农村的时候吗？I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatbroughtmemuchhappiness.IstillrememberthedayswhenIwasasoldier.Doyourememberthedayswhenweweretogetherinthecountryside?定语从句练习验收题一,把下列两个简单句合成一个带定语从句的复合句1.Thisisafactory.Itmakescars.→2.Thefactoryiscalled“HongQi”.Myfatheronceworkedinit.→3.Iliveintheroom.Itswindowfacessouth.→4.I’llneverforgettheday.Itbroughtmemuchhappiness.→5.Istillremembertheday.Iwenttoschoolonthatday.→6.Thereasoniscleartousall.Tomexplainedtousfornotcomingtotheparty.→7.Thereasonisunknowntousall.Tomdidn’tgotoschoolforit.→8.Thequarreledcoupleisnexttothepoint.Theywilldivorceatthepoint.→二,将下列句子译成英语1.这就是我想买的轿车2.我非常喜欢珍妮给我买的生日礼物.3.学英语的哪个学生是我的同学.4.我最喜欢打篮球好的学生.5.站在柜台后的姑娘很漂亮.6.躺在床上抽烟的人叫汤姆.7.我永远也不会忘记我上学的那一天.8.我仍然记得我入团的得那一天9.窗户朝南的房间是我的.10.我曾去过我出生的那个农场.ThisisthecarIwanttobuy.IlikeverymuchthegiftMaryboughtme.ThestudentwhoislearningEnglishismyclassmate.Ilikethestudentbestwhoisplayingbasketball.Thegirlwhoisstandingbehindthecounterisverybeautiful.ThemanwholiesinbedsmokingiscalledTom.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIwenttoschool.IstillrememberthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.IoncewenttothefarmwhereIwasborn.三、Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences.1.“HongQi”chemicalworksisdevelopingveryfast,whichworkersarediligent.2.Tomisoneofthestudentswhoworkshardaswellasclever.3.Idon’thavethesameopinionthatyoudo.4,Tom’sfatherwhoworksinChicagocamebackhomey