英语长句翻译技巧

英语长句翻译技巧（I）顺流而下“顺流而下”的方法指的是，在翻译英语长句时基本保持原文的语序。也就是说，汉语译文的语序与英语长句的语序基本保持一致，从而产生一气呵成的效果。这种翻译方法也可以称为“自上而下”的方法。Problem-basedlearningwasinitiallydesignedformedicaleducationwhenBarrowsrecognizedthatmedicalstudentstypicallygraduatedwithconsiderableinformationbutlittlecriticalreasoningskilltouseitwisely.Ironically,then,theprocessthatwasinpartdesignedtoraisestaffmoraleandincreasetheirinvolvement—acommonaimofschool-centeredinnovation—demoralizedthestaffanddissociatedthemfromthecollectiveaffairsofschoollife.Instead,ifweacceptthegeneralpointthatinculturalterms,teachers,likeotherworkers,arecreaturesoftheiroccupationalsituation,thenwemightdobettertoaddressourselvestohowthecircumstancesoftheoccupationmightbemodifiedsoastoelicitadifferentkindofculturalresponse.（II）重重叠叠“重重叠叠”的方法指的是，在翻译英语长句时采取拆句、断句的方法，在汉语译文中重叠使用某些词语，从而保持译文的通畅。这种方法可以称为“串联而下”的方法。•Suchanexaminationwillalsohighlightsomeofthemoreimportantfactorsunderlyingtheremarkablesurgeofinterestinandpressuretowardsthealternativepatternofcurriculumdevelopmentwhichhasnowbecomefamiliartous–thatcomprisingaNationalCurriculum.•Thisimportantmeetingisfollowedbyaperiodofinformation-gatheringduringwhichnotonlyclassroomobservationtakesplacebutalsosuchotherwrittenandoralinformationissoughtashasbeenagreedbybothparties.•Fourth-gradestudents,intheirroleasbiologists,receivealetterfromanelementaryschoolstudentwhohasfoundabrownfurry“something”hangingundertheeavesofthefamily’sgarage.(III)—化整为零“化整为零”的方法指得是，在翻译英语长句时利用英语句子和汉语句子的不同特点，采用拆句、断句、分割、词性转换、省略关联词等手段，将一句英语长句译成若干个汉语短句，以便于读者理解。这种方法也可以称为“零打碎敲”的方法。•Manystudentswhotransferfromuniversitytoteachers’collegestudieslaterprovetobeexcellentteachersand,giventheopportunity,completeworkforadegreeatalaterstage.•Asecondandnotincompatibleexplanationisthatoncetheworldsofclassroomteachingontheonehandandschooladministration,educationalpolitics,oreducationaltheoryontheotheraresegregatedinthisway,teacherscanthenprivilegetheformeragainstthelatterasawayofdefendingtheirowncompetenceandexpertiseandofunderminingchallengestoitfromelsewhere.(IV)—先里后外“先里后外”的方法指的是，在翻译英语长句时采取变序或调整句子结构的方法，首先完成长句中间部分的翻译，然后完成长句外围部分的翻译。采用此方法时，不仅应该注意内容的连贯和译文的通畅，而且应该兼顾原文的逻辑关系和时间顺序。此方法也被称为“由内向外”的方法。（1）Unlikelocalschooldistricts,whichdependonpropertytaxesastheirprimarysourceofstablerevenue,stateshaveaccesstoavarietyoftaxsources.•Revenue:theincomethatagovernmentorcompanyreceivesregularly岁入，税收，收入（2）Beforereachingtheconclusionthattheseschoolsmustremainaseparatetypeofschool,weconsideredcarefullythepossibilityofmultilateralschools.Multilateral:concerningorincludingmorethantwogroupsornations多边的/多方的/多国的(3)Perhapsthemoststrikingfeatureofthenewsecondaryschoolsprovidedbylocaleducationauthorities,whichhavesogreatlyincreasedinnumberssince1902,istheirmarkeddisinclinationtodeviatetoanyconsiderableextentfromthemainlinesofthetraditionalgrammarschoolcurriculum.•Grammarschool:(inBritain,esp.formerly)aschoolforchildrenovertheageof11,whoarespeciallychosentostudyforexaminationswhichmayleadtohighereducation文法学校（主要以升大学为目的的中学）•Deviate:（from)tobedifferentormoveawayfromausualoracceptedstandardofbehavior偏离，背离(V）—由外向内“由外向内”的方法指的是，在翻译英语长句时采取变序或调整句子结构的方法，首先完成长句外围部分的翻译，然后完成长句中间部分的翻译。采取此方法时，不仅应该注意内容的连贯和译文的通畅，而且应该兼顾原文的逻辑关系和时间顺序。（1）Ifthisexplanationsoundscircular–teachersarepreoccupiedwithclassroomaffairs,whichmakesthemfairbadlyinshcoolwidedecision-making,whichmakesthemconcentrateonclassroomaffairsstillmore–thisisinpartbecausetheactualprocessitdescribesiscirculartoo–perhapsviciouslyso!•Preoccupied:adj全神贯注的，入神的•Viciously:adv恶毒地，凶残地；邪恶地(2)Myimmediateconcerniswithwhatwasforsometimeanequallyprofoundandvigorous,iflessclearlydefinedmovementofcurriculumchange:thatofamoreschool-basednature.•Profound:adj深刻的，强烈的•Vigorous:adj有力的，强劲的（3）Thetechnicalandprofessionaldemandsofappraisingateacher’swork–involving,forexample,ahighlevelofinterviewingandclassroomobservationskills–aresuchthathighqualitytrainingisessential.(VI)先总后分“先总后分”的方法指的是，在翻译英语长句时首先对总体内容进行概括或归纳，然后对具体内容依次进行翻译。（1）Wearedisposedtobelievethatwemaysafelyrecommendtheinstitutionbothofanentranceexamination,onthelinesofthepresentexaminationforscholarshipsandfreeplacesinsecondaryschools,todeterminetheconditionsofentryintoselectivemodernschools,andofafinalorleavingexamination,notonthelinesoftheFirstSchoolExaminationinsecondaryschools,totestandtocertifytheachievementofpupilsbothofselectiveandofnon-selectivecentralschoolsandalsoofseniordepartments.•Bedisposedto:有…倾向的•Line:方针，政策•Secondaryschool：中等学校•Certify:证明•Achievement:学业成绩•Centralschool:中心学校（2）Forexample,themiddleschoolfacultyseekingtodevelopaspecialinterestsdomainhastoreconcileallofitsdreaming,perhapsaugmentedbythehopesofthestudentsthemselves,withactivitiesthatareactuallypossiblegiventhepersonnelandfacilitiesoftheschoolandcommunity.•Reconcile:v（with)tofindagreementbetween(twoideas,situations,etc.thatseemtobeinopposition调和，调解•Augment:vfmltobecomebigger,morevaluable,better,etc使增大，使增值•Personnel:全体人员，全体职工，人事部门