曼昆微观经济学英文版课后练习题第一章

1Chapter1TenPrinciplesofEconomicsMultipleChoice1.ThewordthatcomesfromtheGreekwordforonewhomanagesahouseholdisa.market.b.consumer.c.producer.d.economy.ANS:DDIF:1REF:1-0TOP:EconomyMSC:Definitional2.Theword“economy”comesfromtheGreekwordoikonomos,whichmeansa.“environment.”b.“production.”c.“onewhomanagesahousehold.”d.“onewhomakesdecisions.”ANS:CDIF:1REF:1-0TOP:EconomyMSC:Definitional3.Resourcesarea.scarceforhouseholdsbutplentifulforeconomies.b.plentifulforhouseholdsbutscarceforeconomies.c.scarceforhouseholdsandscarceforeconomies.d.plentifulforhouseholdsandplentifulforeconomies.ANS:CDIF:1REF:1-0TOP:Resources,ScarcityMSC:Interpretive4.Economicsdealsprimarilywiththeconceptofa.scarcity.b.poverty.c.change.d.power.ANS:ADIF:1REF:1-0TOP:ScarcityMSC:Definitional5.Whichofthefollowingquestionsisnotansweredbythedecisionsthateverysocietymustmake?a.Whatdeterminesconsumerpreferences?b.Whatgoodswillbeproduced?c.Whowillproducethegoods?d.Whowillconsumethegoods?ANS:ADIF:2REF:1-0TOP:EconomiesMSC:Interpretive6.Theoverridingreasonastowhyhouseholdsandsocietiesfacemanydecisionsisthata.resourcesarescarce.b.goodsandservicesarenotscarce.c.incomesfluctuatewithbusinesscycles.d.people,bynature,tendtodisagree.ANS:ADIF:2REF:1-0TOP:ScarcityMSC:Interpretive7.Thephenomenonofscarcitystemsfromthefactthata.mosteconomies’productionmethodsarenotverygood.b.inmosteconomies,wealthypeopleconsumedisproportionatequantitiesofgoodsandservices.c.governmentsrestrictsproductionoftoomanygoodsandservices.d.resourcesarelimited.ANS:DDIF:2REF:1-0TOP:ScarcityMSC:Interpretive2Chapter1/TenPrinciplesofEconomics8.Approximatelywhatpercentageoftheworld'seconomiesexperiencescarcity?a.25%b.50%c.75%d.100%ANS:DDIF:1REF:1-0TOP:ScarcityMSC:Interpretive9.Whenasocietycannotproduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave,itissaidthattheeconomyisexperiencinga.scarcity.b.shortages.c.inefficiencies.d.inequities.ANS:ADIF:2REF:1-0TOP:ScarcityMSC:Interpretive10.Forsociety,agoodisnotscarceifa.atleastoneindividualinsocietycanobtainallheorshewantsofthegood.b.firmsareproducingthegoodatfullcapacity.c.allmembersofsocietycanhavealltheywantofthegood.d.thosewhohaveenoughincomecanbuyalltheywantofthegood.ANS:CDIF:1REF:1-0TOP:ScarcityMSC:Interpretive11.Whichofthefollowingproductswouldbeconsideredscarce?a.golfclubsb.Picassopaintingsc.applesd.Alloftheabovearecorrect.ANS:DDIF:2REF:1-0TOP:ScarcityMSC:Interpretive12.Economicsisthestudyofa.productionmethods.b.howsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.c.howhouseholdsdecidewhoperformswhichtasks.d.theinteractionofbusinessandgovernment.ANS:BDIF:1REF:1-0TOP:Economies,ScarcityMSC:Definitional13.Economicsisthestudyofa.howsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.b.thegovernment'sroleinsociety.c.howamarketsystemfunctions.d.howtoincreaseproduction.ANS:ADIF:1REF:1-0TOP:Economies,ScarcityMSC:Definitional14.Inmostsocieties,resourcesareallocatedbya.asinglecentralplanner.b.asmallnumberofcentralplanners.c.thosefirmsthatuseresourcestoprovidegoodsandservices.d.thecombinedactionsofmillionsofhouseholdsandfirms.ANS:DDIF:1REF:1-0TOP:ResourceallocationMSC:InterpretiveChapter1/TenPrinciplesofEconomics315.Theadage,Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch,isusedtoillustratetheprinciplethata.goodsarescarce.b.peoplefacetradeoffs.c.incomemustbeearned.d.householdsfacemanydecisions.ANS:BDIF:2REF:1-1TOP:TradeoffsMSC:Interpretive16.Theadage,Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch,meansa.evenpeopleonwelfarehavetopayforfood.b.thecostoflivingisalwaysincreasing.c.togetsomethingwelike,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthingwelike.d.allcostsareincludedinthepriceofaproduct.ANS:CDIF:1REF:1-1TOP:TradeoffsMSC:Definitional17.EconomistsusethephraseThereisnosuchthingasafreelunch,toillustratetheprinciplethata.inflationalmostalwaysresultsinhigherpricesovertime.b.nothingisfreeinamarketeconomy.c.makingdecisionsrequirestradingoffonegoalagainstanother.d.ifsomethinglookstoogoodtobetrue,itprobablyisnotworthpursuing.ANS:CDIF:2REF:1-1TOP:TradeoffsMSC:Interpretive18.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentstheprinciplerepresentedbytheadage,Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch?a.Melissacanattendtheconcertonlyifshetakeshersisterwithher.b.Gregishungryandhomeless.c.Brianmustrepairthetireonhisbikebeforehecanrideittoclass.d.KendramustdecidebetweengoingtoColoradoorCancunforspringbreak.ANS:DDIF:3REF:1-1TOP:TradeoffsMSC:Applicative19.Theprinciplethatpeoplefacetradeoffsappliestoa.individuals.b.families.c.societies.d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.ANS:DDIF:1REF:1-1TOP:TradeoffsMSC:Applicative20.Atypicalsocietystrivestogetthemostitcanfromitsscarceresources.Atthesametime,thesocietyattemptstodistributethebenefitsofthoseresourcestothemembersofthesocietyinafairmanner.Inotherwords,thesocietyfacesatradeoffbetweena.gunsandbutter.b.efficiencyandequity.c.inflationandunemployment.d.workandleisure.ANS:BDIF:1REF:1-1TOP:Efficiency,EquityMSC:Interpretive21.Gunsandbutterareusedtorepresenttheclassicsocietaltradeoffbetweenspendingona.durableandnondurablegoods.b.importsandexports.c.nationaldefenseandconsumergoods.d.lawenforcementandagriculture.ANS:CDIF:1REF:1-1TOP:TradeoffsMSC:Interpretive4