非谓语动词及虚拟语气

非谓语动词及虚拟气非谓语动词非谓语动词动名词分词不定式现在分词过去分词非谓语动词可充当的成分Heworkshardtocatchupwithhisbrothers.Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforus.AfallingleafafallenleafThefilmgetsmoreandmoreexciting.Wewereexcitedaboutthenews.Hearingaknockonthedoor,hewenttoopenit.Movedbyhisperformance,theaudienceapplaudedforhalfanhour.语态时态主动被动不定式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动名词一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone分词一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone非谓语动词的三种形式语法知识归纳一、非谓语动词1、哪些动词接不定式，哪些接动名词，哪些动词即可接不定式，又可接动名词，但是词义不同。2、不定式、动名词的复合结构及其时态和语态。3、不定式符号to的省略与否。4、现在分词与过去分词的区别。1、接不定式作宾语的动词有afford,agree,decide,determine,expect,hope,manage,refuse,offer,pretend等。1.Themanagerpromisedmeapositioninhiscompany.A.gotB.gettingC.togetD.havinggot2,Iaskedhim(notsay)anythingaboutourcontractuntiltheendofthemouth.cnottosaytranslation•当我走进来时，他假装没有看到我。(pretend)•杰克希望长大后成为一名运动员。(want)HepretendednottoseemewhenIentered.Hewantstobeasportsmanwhenhegrowsup.2、不定式中的to是否省略1)感官动词feel,hear,listento,see,lookat,notice,watch以及使役动词have,let,make等动词后，不定式不带to,但是，当这些动词变成被动语态时，动词不定式要加上to.如：Mummakesmeeateggseveryday.I’mmadetoeateggseveryday(bymum).•Eg:Moreandmoretrucksareseenbetweenthesetwotownsthesedays.•A.runB.torun•C.berunningD.beingrun•Itrytomadeeveryone(feel)comfortablehere.Bfeel2)不定式用作介词but和except的宾语时，如果其前有do的某种形式，不定式不带to,否则不定式要带to.如：ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut____thepoliceA.calledinB.callinginC.callinD.tocallinIfeltsoembarrassedthatIcouldn'tdoanythingbuttherewhenIfirstmetmypresentboss.A.SitB.tositB.sittingD.satAD注意：在but构成的习惯用语中不带to:cannothelpbutdo…(不得不）candonothingbutdo…cannotdoanythingbutdo…(只能做)3)在情态动词如：hadbetter,wouldrather…than之后不用to,动词help后，to可带可不带。•You’dbetterthewateruntilithasbeenboiled.•A.nottodrinkB.notdrink•C.notdrunkD.notdrinking•Iprefertogotothebeachratherthanathome.•A.tostayB.staying•C.stayD.havestayedBC3、下列动词或动词词组后只接动名词作宾语1)admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,consider,escape,enjoy,finish,mind,practise,risk,suggest…JanealwaysenjoystopopularmusicathomeonFridayevenings.A.tolistenB.tobelisteningC.listeningD.beinglisteningcIwonderedwhytheboyoftenavoided(talk)withhisclassmates.talkingCorrectthemistakes•Thelittlegirlpracticestoplaythepianoeveryday.•Doyoumindmetosmokehere?•Jeandoesn’tfeelliketocleanthehouse.Thelittlegirlpracticesplayingthepianoeveryday.Jeandoesn’tfeellikecleaningthehouse.Doyoumindmysmokinghere?2)can’thelp,can’tstand,giveup,feellike,putoff,bebusy,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime,beusedto,seeto,beopposedto,besentencedto,admitto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto…Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy___forherexam.A.toprepareB.tobepreparedC.preparingD.beingpreparedcDoyouhaveanydifficultyavisatoBritain.A.togetB.getC.tohavegottenD.gettingdTheboysnextdoorused(like)makingmodelplanes,buttheyseemtohavestoppeddoingthatnow.There’snouse(bargain)anymore.It’safixedprice.Haveyougottenused(live)inBritainnow.?tolikebargainingtoliving4、1)下列动词或词组后既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上又区别，要特别注意。forget/remembertodosth忘记/记住去做某事doingsth忘记/记住已做某事53.IfIhadremembered____thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.A.tocloseB.closingC.tohaveclosedD.havingclosedA•Doyouremember(introduce)Prof.LitoMisswangduringhisfirstvisittoChina.•HerememberstoPariswhenhewasaverysmallchild.•A.totakeB.taking•C.tobetakenD.beingtakenintroducingDstoptodosth停下来接着做另一件事doingsth停止做某事trytodosth努力/试图做某事doingsth尝试着做某事meangoontodosth意欲/想/企图做某事doingsth意味着做某事todosth（做完某事）接着做另一件事doingsth继续做同一件事(=goonwithsth)•Hearingthebellring,thestudentsstopped(joke)witheachother.•Hestoppedwhentheaccidenthappened.•A.seeingB.see•C.toseeD.beingseen•Insomepartsofthiscity,missingabusmeans(wait)foranotherhour.jokingCwaiting2)动词need,require,want和beworthneed/require/wantdoing/tobedonesb.todosth.Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.tobecleaned.beworth+n.doingTheplaceisworthvisiting.(主动表被动含义。•Thewineinthefridgejustwants(cool)foracoupleofminutes.•Themistakesrequirebeforehandingthemin.•A.tocorrectB.beingcorrect•C.tobecorrectedD.correctcoolingC5、分词现在分词和过去分词1）区别：掌握八个字。分词现在分词：主动、进行过去分词：被动、完成2）过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可以表示被动的意义，但各自的时间的概念不同：过去分词表示动作完成或已经发生，而现在分词的被动式表示动作正在进行，还未完成。分词作定语和表语•Inoticedthattherewasaman(draw)picturesontheground.•Goingabroadtohaveaholidaywillbean(excite)experience.drawingexciting•Theproblem(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayhasnotsolvedyet.•Iwastofindhisarticleonsuchantopicso.•A.surprised,excited,bored•B.surprising,exciting,boring.•C.surprised,exciting,boring•D.surprising,excited,boreddiscussedC分词作状语：先找主干，然后分析分词与主语的逻辑关系(see)fromthetopofthehill,thevillageisverybeautiful.(see)fromthetopofthehill,wefindthebeautifulscenery.Ifinthefridge,thefruitcanremainfreshformorethanaweek.A.KeepingB.bekeptC.KeptD.tokeepseenCseeingpractice•1.Fewofusthoughtthattheproblemwasworth.•A.discussB.todiscuss•C.discussingD.discussed•2.Pleaseremember(give)herthisletter.•3.Didyounoticeayoungman(enter)thehousejustnow.CenterTogive•4.Excuseme,butitistimetohaveyourtemperature.•A.takingB.totakeC.takenD.take•5.thechairmansaid:“Theplannowmustbekeptassecret.•A.discussedB.tobediscussed•C.discussingD.beingdiscussed•6.Greaterattention