非谓语动词复习课件

高三语法复习非谓语动词4154组一、非谓语动词概述1.什么是谓语动词？什么是非谓语动词？谓语动词：在句子中充当谓语的动词非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语动词外的成分。2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用一个句子中已存在一个主句（含谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。eg.Shegotoffthebus,butshe________(leave)herhandbagontheseat.Shegotoffthebus,________(leave)herhandbagontheseat.3.非谓语动词的种类：不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词、过去分词）leftleaving4.非谓语动词的三种最基本形式：todo:doing:done:5.非谓语动词的各种形式：tododoing定语表将来；状语表目的、结果主动、进行被动、完成todotobedone(被动式)tobedoing(进行式)tohavedone(完成式)tohavebeendone(完成被动式)doingbeingdone(被动式)havingdone(完成式)havingbeendone(完成被动式)done只有一种形式注意：否定时一律将not放于非谓语动词前。二、非谓语动词的用法比较（一）非谓语动词语法功能比较主谓宾表定状补todo不定式doingdone过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√（二）不定式(todo)与动名词(doing)作主语的区别1.todo表某一具体动作，doing表习惯动作或抽象概念。eg._________(swim)isagoodformofexercise._________(swim)thisafternoonsoundsgood.2.都可以用it作形式主语构成相应句型。不定式用it作形式主语：Itisadj./n.(for/ofsb.)todosth.动名词用it作形式主语：Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.其他需做区分的句型：There’snosense/point(in)doingsth.There’snodoingthat…There’snoneed(forsb.)todosth.SwimmingToswim（三）不定式(todo)与动名词(doing)作宾语的区别1.绝大多数动词后跟不定式(todo)做宾语如：decide,determine,want,expect，wish,hope,agree,refuse，manage,offer,pretend,promise等。2.只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词：mepsckarfi妹不吃咖啡mind,miss(错过)，mention，enjoy，escape,practise,postpone(推迟),permit,suggest,stand(bear,tolerate),consider(考虑)，keep,avoid,admit,advise,allow,appreciate,risk,resist(抵制),recommend，finish,forbid(禁止),imagine。还有：dislikedelay,understand,quit,deny(否认)。注意：1)allow/permit/advise/recommenddoing，但allow/permit/advise/recommendsb.todo2)forbiddoing，但forbidsb.todo或forbidsb.fromdoing3.可跟不定式(todo)也可跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词1）意义有区别：meantrystopgoonrememberforgetcan’thelpregretonly注意：asif和only并非动词，但在这里一起进行了归纳。2）意义无区别：continuetodo/doing,starttodo/doing,begintodo/doingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoingtododoing4.不定式(todo)作宾语后有补语时，常用it作形式宾语。常见结构：think/believe/consider/find/feel/+it+adj./n.+todoeg.我认为有必要向老师求助。Ithinkitnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.我觉得帮助别人是我的职责。Ifeelitmydutytohelpothers.（四）非谓语动词作表语的区别1.不定式(todo)作表语表未发生的具体动作eg.我的目标是去北京大学学习。我们应该做的就是好好学习。注意：不定式作表语时前面有实意动词do(做)及其相关变形，不定式可省略符号to。2.动名词(doing)作表语表习惯动作或抽象概念。eg.我的兴趣爱好是读书。3.现在分词(doing)作表语表令人……..的。eg.这则消息令人吃惊。4.过去分词(done)做表语表感到………的。eg.我们对这则消息感到吃惊。Mypurpose/aim/goalistostudyinPekingUniversity.Whatweshoulddois(to)workhard.Myhobbyisreadingbooks.Thenewsissurprising.Wearesurprisedatthenews.（五）非谓语动词作定语的区别1.不定式(todo)：①表将来②名词前有序数词、thelast、theonly、thenext等修饰时用不定式作定语eg.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttogo.Iwantahousetolivein.=Iwantahouseinwhichtolive.2.动名词(doing)：表功能eg.livingroom,sleepingbag,swimmingpool3.现在分词(doing)：表主动、进行eg.sleepingbaby,swimmingboy注意：完成形式havingdone和havingbeendone不作定语，一般作状语4.过去分词(done)：表被动、完成eg.aretiredworker,akilleddog5.现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)作定语的区别：developingcountrydevelopedcountryfallingleavesfallenleavesboilingwaterboiledwaterthechangingworldthechangedworld（六）不定式(todo)，现在分词(doing)，过去分词(done)作状语的区别1）不定式(todo)：①表目的②意料外的不好结果(onlytodo、nevertodo)eg.他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站却发现火车已经开了。他离开了家乡，再也没有回去。2）现在分词(doing)：①表主动、进行②doing可作结果状语表自然结果。③现在分词的完成式havingdone和havingbeendone表示动作先于谓语动词发生。eg.他每天晚上很晚回家，使得他的妻子生气。写完了作业后我打了电脑游戏。Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadgone.Helefthishometown,nevertoreturn.Hegoesbackhomeverylateeveryevening,makinghiswifeangry.=?Havingfinishedmyhomework,Iplayedcomputergames.3）过去分词(done)：表被动、完成eg.受到了老师的表扬，他看起来很兴奋。注意：分词做状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的主语一致。①Doing/Done,sb….②Sb…,doing/done.思考:havingbeendone，beingdone与done的区别？Isawaboy_____________(beat)whenIpassedbythehouse.Iheardhim________(beat)byhisfatheryesterday._______(see)fromthetopofthebuilding,ourschoollooksbeautiful._________________(show)aroundthelab,wewenttothecomputerroom.Praisedbytheteacher,helooksveryexcited.beingbeatenbeatenSeenHavingbeenshown（七）不定式(todo)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)作宾补的区别1.withsb./sth.注意：without用法同with，只是意思相反2.findsb./sth.3.leavesb./sth.adj./adv.prep.doing/donetodoadj./adv.prep.doing/doneadj./adv.prep.doing/done(往往是undone)4.seesb./sth.5.getsb.getsth.getsth.6.makesb.makesb.dodoingdone（类似的四看二听一感觉）see,observe,watch,notice,listento,hear,feelsb./sth.beseentodotododone=make/let/havesb.do=havesth.donedo=let/havesb.dosb.bemadetododonedoing7.havesb.havesb.havesth.done8.keepsb.keepsb.done9.catchsb.do=let/makesb.dodoing=keepsb.doing=getsth.donedoing=havesb.doingdoing三、非谓语动词特殊用法（一）不定式的特殊用法1.疑问词+不定式eg.我不知道要做什么。我无法决定买那辆自行车。什么时候举办运动会尚不清楚。2.不带to的不定式1）感官动词表观察到全过程2）hadbetterdo,wouldratherdo,whynotdo,may/mightaswelldo(最好做,不妨做)，may/mightwelldo(很可能做)3）三个不得不：can’thelpbutdo,cannotbutdo,can’tchoosebutdoIdon’tknowwhattodo.Ican’tdecidewhichbiketobuy.Whentoholdthesportsmeetingisunknown.4)三个宁愿做某事不愿做另一件事：prefertodoratherthando,wouldratherdothando,preferdoingtodoing5)两个并列的不定式，第二个可省略符号to，但表前后对比不省略。eg.Doyouwanttogooutorstayathome?Tostayathomeisbetterthantogoout.=It’sbettertostayathomethantogoout.6)but/except/otherthan/besides前有do(做)butdo，无do(做)buttodo。eg.Icandonothingbut_________(wait).Ihavenochoicebut__________(wait).Ican’tchoosebut____________(wait).waittowaitwait3.不定式中主动表被动的情况1）Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.2）Englishisdifficult(forus)tolearn.注意：Ihavesomeclothes_________(wash),soIcan’tgooutwithy