09年高考英语分词复习归纳课件高三英语课件

分词归纳复习现在分词和过去分词的基本用法一、分词的基本概念和形式分词有现在分词和过去分词两部分现在分词表示主动意义和动作在进行，现在分词的一般式指分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生。现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。过去分词表示被动意义和动作已完成（不及物动词的过去分词之表示动作已完成）。肯定式：一般式:doing完成式:havingdone否定式：一般式:notdoing完成式:nothavingdone现在分词完成时的被动式：havingbeendone,nothavingbeendoneBeingpoor,hecouldn’tgotoschool.Havingworkedinthecountryforyears,heknowhowtogrowvegetable.Heated,thiskindofwoodgiveoffmuchsmoke.分词的用法：一、定语：分词作定语与所修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示被修饰的名词的动作或行为。现在分词与所修饰的中心词为主动关系、且表示动作正在进行；及物动词的过去分词与所修饰的中心词为被动关系（动宾关系）、且动作已完成。不及物动词的过去分词与所修饰的中心词为主动关系，表示已完成的动作。单个的分词一般要前置，分次短语则要后置。分词短语作定语相当于一个定语从句，现在分词短语可改为一个主动的定于从句，其时态可以是一般时态，也可以是进行时态；而过去分次短语作定语则改为一个被动的定语从句。ForexamplesburninghousefallingleavesbrokencupfallenleavesaboystandingovertherealetterpostedyesterdayThepupilsplayinginpark(whoareplayinginthepark)aremyclassmates.Thebuildingstandingoverthere(whichstandsoverthere)isournewteachingbuilding.ThemachinemadeinChina(whichismadeinChina)workswell.HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields(whichwerewastedinthewoodsandfields)ExcisesMostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAmerica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvitedThecomputercenter,_____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.openedA.Thefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenThebell_____theendoftheperiodrang,_____outheateddiscussion.A.Indicating/interruptingB.indicated/interruptingC.Indicating/interruptedD.indicated/interruptedTherewasaterriblenoise_____thesuddenlyburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.havingfollowedThisisan______speech.Allstudentswere______.A.inspiring/inspiredB.inspiring/inspiringC.inspired/inspiredD.inspired/inspiring二、表语份作表语有以下三种基本句式：Ａ、主语（人）＋系动词＋ＰＰ（使人如何、有被动含义）。Ｂ、主语（物）＋系动词＋Ving（令人如何、主动含义）。Ｃ、主语（物）＋系动词＋ＰＰ（表示已存在的状态或性质）。除动词be外，还有动词get,become,feel,seem,look等可以接分词作表语。Thewomanwasdeeplymoved.Shefeelsabitdiscouragedattheresult.Thenewsisveryexciting.Theschoolgateisshutnow.三、宾语补足语分词作宾语补和不定式宾足一样，与宾语有逻辑主谓过关系。现在分词与宾语是主动关系，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生（即动作在进行）。不定式与宾语也是主动关系，表示动作发生的过程。过去分词与宾语是被动关系，且表示动作已完成。主要有以下三个句型：S+谓语+O+todosth(表示动作过程）。S+谓语+O+doingsth（表示动作在进行）。S+谓语+O+done（表示动作已完成）。ForexamplesIheardagirlcryingnextdoor.Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Hekeptmewaitingforalongtime.IsawTomentertheroom.Heleftmetodoallthework.Ifoundmykeylost.Ifoundtheboybeatenblackandblue.Hemadehimselfunderstood.Johnwillgethisroompainted.另外应注意下几个句型havesb/sthdoing(使/让/叫某人/物持续做某事）。getsb/sthdoing(使/让/叫某人/物持续做某事)havesb/sthdo(使/叫/让某人/物做某事）。getsb/sthtodo(使/叫/让某人/物做某事)havesthdone(某事被做了或使某人遭受…..)getsthdone(某事被做了或使某人遭受……)Theyhadthemachineworkingdayandnight.Hegotthesoldiersmovingahead.Motherhadmegotoshop.Ican’tgethimtostopsmoking.I’llhave(get)mybikerepairedtomorrow.Tomhadhislegsbrokenwhileplayingfootball.四、状语分词作状语表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随等状语。分词作状语与句子的主语有逻辑主谓关系，现在分词与句子主语为主动关系（主谓关系）;过去分词与句子的主语为被动关系（动宾关系）。若分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成式。分词作状语相当于状语从句，可以和when.while.if.though等连用。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，否则，用独立结构。ForexamplsHearingthenews,hewasexcited.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Havingbeenbittenbyasank,shewasfrightenedatit.Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.Teachercameintothelabfollowedbysomestudents.Beingblindman,howcouldtheysee?Seeingfromthetopofthehighbuilding,youcanseethewholecityofBeijing.Seenfromthetopofthehighbuilding,Beijinglooksverybeautiful.下列分词作状语时不受主语的限制1.generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,judgingfrom,considering,providing,supposing,takingeverythingintoconsideration,totellyouthetruthetc,etc.2.with(without)+n(porn)+doing;with(without)+n(porn)+todosth;with(without)+n(porn)+done结构中，分词和不定式的应用与分词和不定式作宾语不足语相似。ThankYouGoodbye!