properties of materials for engineers-participants

OverviewofMechanicalPropertiesofMaterialsforEngineersParticipant’sWorkbookCONTACTINFORMATIONASMEHeadquarters1-800-THE-ASMEASMEProfessionalDevelopment1-800-THE-ASMEEasternRegionalOffice8996BurkeLakeRoad-SuiteL102Burke,VA22015-1607703-978-5000800-221-5536703-978-1157(FAX)MidwestRegionalOffice1117S.MilwaukeeAve.BuildingB-Suite13Libertyville,IL60048-5258847-680-5493800-628-6437847-680-6012(FAX)NortheastRegionalOffice326ClockTowerCommonsRoute22Brewster,NY10509-9241914-279-6200800-628-5981914-279-7765(FAX)InternationalRegionalOffice1-800-THE-ASMESouthernRegionalOffice1950StemmonsFreeway-Suite5037CDallas,TX75207-3109214-746-4900800-445-2388214-746-4902(FAX)WesternRegionalOffice119-CPaulDriveSanRafael,CA94903-2022415-499-1148800-624-9002415-499-1338(FAX)YoucanalsofindinformationonthesecoursesandallofASME,includingASMEProfessionalDevelopment,theVicePresidentofProfessionalDevelopment,andothercontactsattheASMEWebsite...©1999byAllRightsReservedTABLEOFCONTENTSPart1:PARTICIPANTNOTES………………………………………3Part2:BACKGROUNDMATERIAL…………………………………30ListofReferencesIntroductiontoMetallurgicalPrinciples3Part1ParticipantNotes4NotesNotesOverviewofMechanicalPropertiesofMaterialsforEngineersPreparedby:ProfessorStephenLiuPh.D.,CEng,MIM,FAWSProfessorofMetallurgicalEngineeringColoradoSchoolofMinesGolden,Colorado80401OverviewofMechanicalPropertiesofMaterialsforEngineers•ObjectivesandOutline–ElasticBehaviorofMaterials–PlasticBehaviorofMaterials–ImpactandFractureToughnessofMaterials–FatigueofMaterials–CreepofMaterials–DevelopmentofMechanicalProperties–ModelMaterialSystems–Summary5NotesNotesChartforElasticDesignContoursshowFailureStrengthSelectionofMaterialsfor:–Springs–ElasticHinges–Pivots–ElasticBearings–…–Yield-before-BucklingDesignChartforElasticDesignContoursshowFailureStrengthSelectionofMaterialsfor:–Springs–ElasticHinges–Pivots–ElasticBearings–…–Yield-before-BucklingDesignElasticBehaviorofMaterialsAshbyandJones1980AshbyandJones1980MaterialTestingTensileTestingCompressionTestingFatigueTestingFractureToughnessTestingSpecimenGeometryExtensometerSmith1993Smith19936NotesNotesStress-StrainDefinition–Stress(EngineeringStress)–Strain(EngineeringStrain)NormalTensileStrainNormalLateralStrain–Poisson’sRatio–TrueStress–TrueStrainAFS=oe!!∆=ElasticBehaviorofMaterials33.0;≈−=ννStrainTensileStrainLateralAF=σ!!dd=εoLn!!=εStress-StrainRelationshipElasticBehaviorofMaterialsAshbyandJones1980AshbyandJones19807NotesNotesStress-StrainRelationship–Hooke’sLawNormalTensileSimpleCompressionVolumetricShrinkage–E:Young’sModulus–G:ShearModulus–K:BulkModulusElasticBehaviorofMaterialsnEεσ=γτE=∆−=κp()()2,,..−=NmksipsigeuEuσEGE32;≈≈κAlowcarbonstructuralsteelsampleofdimensions0.5in.x0.5in.x6in.waspulledalongthelongaxisduringtensiletesting.The2.00in.gagemarkingoriginallynotchedonthespecimenmeasured2.5in.apartafterthetest.Calculatetheengineeringstrainandthepercentelongationthatthesampleexperienced.(Ans.ε=0.25,%Elongation=25)ProblemSolving-Stress/StrainDefinition8NotesNotesCalculatetheengineeringstressandstrain,thetruestressandstainusingthetensiletestingdatareportedinthefollowing:–Loadappliedtospecimen=25,000lb–Initialspecimendiameter=0.50in.–Diameterofspecimenunderload=0.45in.(Ans.Eng.Stress=127,600psi,Eng.Strain=0.23TrueStress=157,000psi,TrueStrain=0.21)ProblemSolving-Stress/StrainDefinitionStress-StrainRelationshipDeformationofMaterialsAshbyandJones1980AshbyandJones19809NotesNotesStress-StrainRelationshipDeformationofMaterialsAshbyandJones1980AshbyandJones1980AF=σ!!dd=εoLn!!=εTrueStressTrueStrainStress-StrainRelationshipDeformationofMaterialsGladman1997Gladman199710NotesNotesYieldStrength–LowerandUpperYieldPoint–LüdersBandPlasticBehaviorofMaterials(Hall1970)(Hall1970)ProblemSolving-PlasticDeformationAsheetofthermomechanicalcontrolledprocessing(TMCP)steeliscoldrolled20%toathicknessof5.00mmThesheetisthenfurthercoldrolledto3.00mm.Whatisthetotalpercentcolddeformation?(Ans.Totalcolddeformation=52%)11NotesNotesCalculatethepercentcoldreductionwhenanannealedeutectoidsteelwire(with0.8wt.pct.carbon)iscolddrawnfromadiameterof2.5mmtoadiameterof1.25mm.(Ans.Totalcoldreduction=75%)ProblemSolving-PlasticDeformationCalculatethepercentcoldreductionwhenanannealedeutectoidsteelwire(with0.8wt.pct.carbon)iscolddrawnfromadiameterof2.5mmtoadiameterof1.25mm.(Ans.Totalcoldreduction=75%)ProblemSolving-PlasticDeformation12NotesNotesDislocation-GrainBoundaryInteractionStrainHardeningPlasticBehaviorofMaterialsDislocationspile-upagainstgrainandsub-grainboundaryGrainBoundarySub-GrainBoundary()21ρατGb=FractureAppearanceDuctileFracture(SlowCrackGrowth)–CupandConeFailure–FibrousZone–ShearLipBrittleFracture(FastCrackGrowth)–RadialZoneMnSMnSCarbides/Carbides/SilicatesSilicatesShearLipFibrousZoneRadialZoneMetalsHandbookV.10MetalsHandbookV.1013NotesNotesHardnessTesting–NotaWell-DefinedPropertyTestsuseDifferentC