您好,欢迎访问三七文档
被动语态1.被动语态的构成:助动词be/get+及物动词的过去分词。用法:(1)动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态,如Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.(2)当强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态,如Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.【注意】(1)带双宾语动词的被动语态,若将间接宾语变为被动语态中的主语,直接宾语则保留不变;若将直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语,间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。(2)动词make,have,let,see,watch,hear,feel等接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,动词不定式不带to;但当它们变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to,如Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.⇒Theyweremadetoworktenhoursadaybytheboss.(3)当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report,suggest,think等时,被动语态有两种形式:①谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。②用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面,用主语从句来表示,如PaperisknowntohavebeenfirstmadeinChina.⇒ItisknownthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.2.被动语态的时态:(1)一般现在时系动词am/is/are+动词的过去分词。(2)一般过去时系动词was/were+动词的过去分词,如Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.⇒Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.(3)一般将来时will或begoingto+be+动词的过去分词,如Thesebooksaregoingtobepostedtomorrow.(4)现在完成时助动词have/has+been+动词的过去分词,如Wehaven’tbeeninvitedtotheparty.(5)现在进行时be+being+动词的过去分词,如Theproblemisbeingdiscussedbythestudents.(6)带有情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+动词的过去分词,如Yourcompositionmustbehandedintomorrow.注意:1.主动形式表被动意义(1)cut,read,sell,wear,write,cook,lock,wash等表示主语性质功能的动词接状语修饰语时,如Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.(2)want/require/needdoing中的doing(也可用tobedone)用主动形式表被动意义,如Thehouserequirescleaningatonce.C【跟踪演练】—Hi,Torry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?—Sorry.______.A.It’srepairedB.IthasbeenrepairedC.It’sbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired【解析】选C。由Sorry可知,第二个说话者拒绝了第一个说话者借电脑的请求,只有选C项,第二个人的理由才充分。答句句意:对不起,我的电脑正在维修。(3)在“be+形容词+todo”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时,用主动形式表被动。(4)系动词feel,look,smell,taste,sound等。(5)表示“开始、发生、结束、关、停、转、启动”等的动词。(6)在beworthdoing中,doing用主动形式表被动。(7)不定式toblame(受谴责),torent(出租)作表语时,用主动形式表被动。2.被动形式表示主动意义beseated坐着;behidden躲藏;belost迷路;bedrunk喝醉;bedressed穿着。3.被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作;系表结构表主语的特征或状态。不能用被动语态的几种情况:(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用被动语态。(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如hold,benefit,contain,equal,fit,join,mean,last,looklike,consistof等。(3)表示归属的动词,如have,own,belongto等。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词,如wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。【高考链接】1.(2012·安徽高考)Afterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit_____.A.wasdecoratedB.haddecoratedC.hadbeendecoratingD.wasbeingdecorated【解析】选D。考查动词时态和语态。句意:放学后我们去阅览室读书,结果被告知阅览室正在装修。由句子的谓语动词went可知,动作发生在过去,而装修正在进行,故需要使用过去进行时;it指代thereading-room,与动词decorate是动宾关系,故需要使用被动语态,所以应该使用过去进行时的被动语态,故选D项。2.(2012·湖南高考)Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow______laterinlife.A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaid【解析】选A。考查时态和被动语态。句意:不要担心。你现在做的艰苦的工作会在以后的生活中得到回报。由句意可知应用一般将来时,且艰苦的工作应该是被回报,故用动词的一般将来时的被动语态。A项为一般将来时的被动语态,符合题意。B项为过去进行时的被动语态;C项为现在完成时的被动语态;D项为一般过去时的被动语态。BC课堂训练1.Althoughmanymeasures______,theworld’seconomyisstillgoingdown.A.weretakenB.havebeentakenC.willbetakenD.aretaken2.ThisMondaymorningIwasinformedI_____asoneofthethreeexchangestudentsfromourcollege.A.hadbeenchoosingB.waschosenC.hadbeenchosenD.waschoosingCD3.BecauseoftheRussiangaslimittoEurope,attempts_____tousebotanicalfuelasasourceofpower.A.havemadeB.havingmadeC.arebeingmadeD.willbemaking4.—Wherecanwegetyournewsciencefiction?—I’msorry,it____andwillcomeoutnextweek.A.hasbeenprintedB.willbeprintedC.isprintedD.isbeingprintedB5.Eversincethefinancialcrisis_____,manyworkers_____fromtheirjobs.A.brokeout;arelaidoffB.brokeout;havebeenlaidoffC.hasbrokenout;werelaidoffD.brokeout;hadbeenlaidoff
本文标题:化验员基础知识培训
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-5957103 .html