高三英语课件高三英语上学期冠词高三英语课件

冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（TheIndefiniteArticle）和定冠词（ThedefiniteArticle）两种。a(an)是不定冠词，the是定冠词。Unit2冠词（Articles）（一）.不定冠词的用法1.用在可数名词前表示“一个”相当于“one”。.Thereisabookonthedesk.I’llreturninadayortwo.2.表示“某一个”相当于“acertain”.AMr.Whiteiswaitingforyoudownstairs.3.表示“一类”相当于“any”.Ahorseisausefulanimal.4.表示“每一”相当于“per”.Thedoctoraskedmetotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theenvelopesareoneyuanandtwentyfenadozen.5.用在某些固定词组中.abit,afew,alittle,alotof,apieceof,acupof,aglassof,apileof,apairof,haveagoodtime,forawhile,foralongtime6.用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍:a+抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如：Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.7.与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。Whataheavyrain!Whatagoodsupper!Pleasegivemeablackcoffee!8.“a”用在辅音开头前,“an”用在元音开头前.ausefulbook,aEuropeancountry,aone-year-oldchild,anhour,anhonestboy,an800-metre-longbridge,Thereisan“s”intheword“smile”.f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x,(二).定冠词的用法1.表示文中再次提到的人或物.Thereisabookonthedesk.ThebookisanEnglishbook.2.表示特指的人或物(即:谈话时彼此都知道的人或物).Lookattheblackboard.Openthedoor,please.3.用在单数可数名词前表示类指Thehorseisausefulanimal.Horsesareusefulanimals.4.表示世界上独一无二的东西thesun,theearth,thecapital,thesky,theuniversebut:innature,inspace,5.用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theChangjiangRiver,theUrulMountains,thePhilippines,thePacific6.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。thesecondstory,thelargestroom7.用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。ontheleft,intheeast/west,inthemorning,ontheotherhand,intheend8.用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。thepoor/rich/old/young/living/wounded9.在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable.10.弹奏乐器时，乐器名词前Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin?(playerhu)11.在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.12.年代前Inthe1870’s,whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,…13.在表示阶级、阶层的词前therulingclass,theworkingpeople14.用在一些习惯用语中。如：inthemorning(afternoon,evening),bytheway,inthewater/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/raintellthetruth/ontheotherhand/onthewayhome15.定冠词使用特殊的场合。①Hehithimintheface.beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,patsb.onthehead②theelderofthetwo,themorebeautifulofthetwo③Thesooner,thebetter.④Hegotpaidbythehour.bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/theyear…但：byweight按重量（三）不用冠词的情况1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前China,America,Smith,Airismatter.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.But:HeistheMr.Zhengyouarelookingfor.HeisalivingLeiFeng.TheShanghaioftodayisquitedifferentfromwhatitwas.Longjingisafamoustea.aheavyrain,astrongwind,asoupItisapleasuretotalktohim.Hewantedtogivemeapleasantsurprise.2.可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格限制时Thisbookismine.3.季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前spring,summer,autumn/fall,winter,Sunday,October,NationalDaybut:inthespringofthatyear,ImethimonaMondaylastmonth.4.称呼语，表示头衔的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时What’sthis,Mother?Hewasmademonitor.5.学科名词，球类、棋类名词前Doyoustudymathematics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6.泛指复数名词前Computersarewidelyusedinourdailylife.Theyareworkers.7.在与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar,bybus,bytrain8.某些固定词组中(1).名词词组husbandandwife,brotherandsister,dayandnight,knifeandfork(2).介词词组to/at/fromschool,inclass,inprison,to/at/fromworkinfrontof/inthefrontofattable/atthetableoutofquestion/outofthequestioninchargeof/inthechargeofinpossessionof/inthepossessionofbysea/bythesea9.as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench.10.系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter.=Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter.11.在单数名词+after+同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。Shedidexperimentafterexperiment.shopaftershop,mistakeaftermistake12.形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。①“most+形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。Oh,it’smostbeautiful.②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。Sheisthetallestandfattestgirlinourschool.③当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。Themarketinthecountryisbusiestinwinter.④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。Awolfinasheep’sskinisourmostdangerousenemy.⑤序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第……”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。…whyyoutookasecondarrow注意：下句中“afirst”表示“第一名、冠军”。Heisatopstudentinourclass,heoftengetsafirstinmaths.13.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage.15.有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。Conferenceopens.会议召开了。（四）练习Thesignreads“incaseof_____fire,breaktheglassandpush____redbutton.A.x;aB.x;theC.the;theD.a;a