高中英语Unit3ComputersGramma课件新人教版必修2

ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice现在完成时的被动语态Lookatthefollowingsentence,payingattentiontotheunderlinedpart.OvertimeIhavebeenchangedalot.ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceCanyoupickoutmorethantwosentencesinthepresentperfectpassivevoicefromthereadingpassage?现在完成时的被动语态的谓语构成形式：Theresultsoftheirexperimentshavealreadybeenpublished.Thepartyhasbeenplannedsincethenewyear.肯定式：have/has（has只用于第三人称单数，其余人称用have）+been+及物动词的过去分词。Theyhaven’tbeentoldaboutityet.否定式：_____________________+及物动词的过去分词。—Havehisbooksbeensoldout?—Yes.Soyoucan’tbuyonenow.一般疑问句形式：______________________+及物动词的过去分词。have/has+not+beenHave/Has+主语+beenHowmanyexperimentshavebeendonebythestudentsthismonth?特殊疑问句形式：疑问词+have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词。现在完成时的被动语态通常有以下两种情况：表示过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常与之连用的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+时间状语（从句），thesedays,sofar,uptonow,inthelast/pastfewyears等。e.g.ThisclasshavebeentaughtbyMr.Brownfortwoyears.HisChinesehasbeenimprovedalotsincehecametoChina.JKRowling’snovelshavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguagessofar.表示某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,yet,just,ever,never,recently等连用。e.g.Thebikehasnotbeenrepairedyet.IhavealreadybeenintroducedtoMr.Smith.【注意】1)现在完成时被动语态的两个助动词：have／has和been缺一不可。2)注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。e.g.Themachinehasbeenrepaired．机器已经修好了。(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday．机器昨天修了。(只说明动作发生在昨天。)3)动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。e.g.Theorphanshavebeentakengoodcareofhere．孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾。4)并不是所有动词都有被动语态happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。[误]GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.5)一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?6)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。e.g.Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.→Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.7)带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,tell,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。e.g.Wehavegivenhimthebook.→Hehasbeengiventhebook.→Thebookhasbeengiventohim.8)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。e.g.Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.→Theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou.Ihavemadeherworkhard.→Shehasbeenmadetoworkhard.用所给（短语）动词的正确形式填空。1.Thechildren_______________(tell)manytimesnottogoneartheriver.2.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_________________(produce)allovertheworld.3.Jenny__________(make)rapidprogressrecentlyandisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteachers.havebeentoldhavebeenproducedhasmade4.Greatchanges__________________(takeplace)inourcountrysincethe2008OlympicGames.5.Thistopic_____________________(talkabout)fortwohours.havetakenplacehasbeentalkedabout用现在完成时的被动语态重组下列句子。1.anewhospitalforwomenandchildren,build,inBeijing2.moreandmoretrees,cutdown,byfarmersAnewhospitalforwomenandchildrenhasbeenbuiltinBeijing.Moreandmoretreeshavebeencutdownbyfarmers.3.about300buildingsandhouses,destroy,intheearthquake4.alotofmoney,spend,protecttheoldtempleAbout300buildingsandhouseshavebeendestroyedintheearthquake.Alotofmoneyhasbeenspentprotectingtheoldtemple.Underlinetheuseofthepresentperfectvoiceinthefollowingpoem.Thenfillinthechartbelow.LookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedLookatthewayyourhairhasbeencombedLookatthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedYou’dbetterdothemagain.LookatthewaytheflowershavebeenplantedLookatthewaythegrasshasbeencutLookatthewaythepathshavebeensweptIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.ThingsthathavebeendonewellThingsthathavebeendonebadlythewaytheflowershavebeenplantedthewaythegrasshasbeencutthewaythepathshavebeensweptthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedthewayyourhairhasbeencombedthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedReadthispoemaloud,payingattentiontotherhythmandintonation.Thenwriteyourownpoem.Lookattheway______________________Lookattheway______________________Lookattheway_______________________________________________thetablehasbeenlaidtheglasseshavebeenplacedthefoodhasbeencookedYou’dbetterdothemagain.Lookattheway________________________Lookattheway________________________Lookattheway_________________________________________________________yourbedhasbeenmadeyourcarpethasbeensweptyourshoeshavebeentidiedIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.1.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_____allovertheworld.A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduced从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。2.Experimentsofthiskind_____inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.A.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted3.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_____beforeleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised4.Hissisterlefthomein1998,and_____since.A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardofC.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof5.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey_____manytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.havetaughtC.aretaughtD.havebeentaught6.Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic_____.A.hadcha