高二英语课件高二英语虚拟语气1高二英语课件

1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（见课本P170页）。2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、假设、怀疑或推测的语气叫虚拟语气。1.表示与现在事实相反should虚拟条件句主句动词过去式（动词be的过去式一般用were）wouldcould+动词原形might一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。2．表示与过去事实相反。should虚拟条件句主句Had+过去分词wouldCould+have+过去分词might３．表示与将来事实可能相反。should虚拟条件句主句动词过去式或should+动词原形或wereto+动词原形wouldcould+动词原形might条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来过去时（were）过去完成时Would/could/should/might+V.（原）Would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.过去时2.should+V.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.（原）1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplaneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.与将来事实相反二、宾语从句:wish后面的宾语从句中，表示不可能实现的愿望。译为“但愿…”，“可惜…”，“悔不该…”，“…就好了”等（一）Wish现在：过去：未来：过去时（were）过去完成时would/could/might+V.should1.IwishIwereabird.（现在）2.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（过去）3.Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.（将来）1)Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊！2)IwishIcouldhelpyou.但愿我能帮助你。3)Shewishesshehadbeenherelastweek.她想要是她上星期在这里就好了。4)Iwishyouwouldbemorecarefulinfuture.希望你今后会更小心一些才好。（二）.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.[注意]insist作“力言”、“强调”解时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.迈克力言他从未偷过东西。只有当作“坚决要求”、“坚持要”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气。Iinsistshegotherewithhermother.我坚持要她同她母亲到那儿去。Suggest作“暗示”、“表明”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasseriouslyill.从她苍白的脸上可以看出，她病得很厉害。只有当suggest作“建议”解时，才用虚拟语气Wesuggestedthatthesportsmeet(should)beputoffuntilnextSaturday.我们建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。necessaryimpossiblea.Itis/wasimportantthat…naturalstrange三．主语从句中的虚拟语气:从句中的动词要用虚拟，即:（should）+动词原形。should可表示“应该”，“居然”，“竟会”等之意，可省略但不能用would来代替。1).Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2).Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3).It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.4).Itisimpossiblethathe(should)havesaidso.他居然说了这样的话那是不可能的。5).ItisstrangethatMary(should)thinkso.真奇怪玛丽竟会这样想。apityashameb.Itis/wasnowonderthat…better1).Itwillbebetterthatshestaywithhergrandmother.她还是同她祖母呆在一起为好。2).Itwasagreatpitythatyou(should)havemadesomanymistakesinyourmathsexercise.太遗憾了，你居然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误suggestedrequestedc.Itis/wasdesiredthatproposedordered1).ItwassuggestedthatthesportsmeetbeputoffuntilnextSaturday.大家建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。2).Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.希望我们到今晚将一切准备就绪。3).Itwasorderedthatthemedicinebesenttherebyplane.命令马上用飞机把药送往那里。四.表语从句中的虚拟语气1.由suggestion,order,advice,desire,idea,request,proposal等名词作主语的句子里，其表语从句用虚拟语气表示建议、命令或要求等。从句中的谓语动词形式为should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。1).Myadviceisthatmoretrees(should)beplantedaroundthevillage.2).Theirproposalisthatweshouldsetupasparetimeschoolforthem.3).Hisideaisthatwe(should)discussthereport.2.在系动词后，由asif，asthough（似乎，好象，仿佛）引导的表语从句中，一般要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用动词过去式（动词be的过去式用were）对现在事实的虚拟，对过去事实的虚拟则用过去完成式（had+过去分词）。1)Shefeelsasif/asthoughshewereindanger.2)Theylooked(seemed)asif/asthoughtheyhadbeendoctorsformanyyears.[注意]在Itlooks(seems)asif/asthough后面的表语从句中，如果表达的内容接近事实的可能性大，一般也可用陈述语气。Itlooks(seems)asif/asthoughitisgoingtorain.五.同位语从句中的虚拟语气作名词suggestion,order,proposal,idea,plan等的同位语从句中用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。例如：1).Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.我们都同意他的意见，去北京观光。2).Whatdoyouthinkoftheideathatweshouldbeginthesecondexperimentatonce?你认为我们立即开始第二次实验的意见怎么样？六.asif/though+Clause现在：过去：过去时过去完成时Helooksasifheweredrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.1.Wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时七、特殊句型2.It’s(about/high)time+thatshould+V.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.3.without和butfor构成虚拟。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.4.Ifonly…要是就好了IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!5.某些简单句的固定句型：Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!八：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓