1-用户体验的概念及理念、行业现状和展望

GuidelinesofUserInterfaceDesign第一章用户界面设计中的若干规则中国信息化培训中心内训专版WhatisInterface?01“Interfaceisthecontactingpointbetweentwosystemswhereanoutputfromonesystembecomesaninputtotheothersystem.InformationProcessing信息处理“界面是两个系统的之间的联系纽带,一个系统中的输出信息通过界面转变成另一系统的输入信息.”InputtoMan(perception)输入人脑(感知)OutputfromMachine设备输出OutputfromMan(Operation)人脑输出（操作）InputtoMachine设备输入Interface界面WhatisInterface?01“UserInterfaceDesignreferstoanapproachforcreatingeasy-to-understandinterfacewiththeapplicationofhumanbeing’scognitivecharacteristics,informationprocessingprocesswhichisbasisforman-machineinteractionproblems.”Perception感知Recognition认知Interpretation分析判断Decision决策Execution执行用户界面设计方法是指应用人的认知特征建立容易理解的界面.GuidelinesofUserInterfaceDesign“Therearemanygeneralguidelinesdevelopedbydiversescholarsandfordifferentpurposes:web,informationappliances.”世界各地的学者们都根据各自的目的，发展出了不同的设计准则．GuidelinesofUserInterfaceDesign-JacobNielsen“Therearemanygeneralguidelinesdevelopedbydiversescholarsandfordifferentpurposes:web,informationappliances.”1.Visibility视觉效果2.Matchthesystemtotherealworld与现实世界相对应3.Usercontrolandfreedom用户的控制的自主性4.Consistencyandstandards标准和一贯性5.Errorprevention赦免6.Recognitionrathertanrecall与其记忆不如认知7.flexibilityandefficiencyofuse使用的灵活性和效率8.Aestheticandminimalistdesign美学的和简化的9.Helpusersrecognize,diagnose,andrecoverfromerrors帮助用户认识误操作，并诊断原因，从误操作中恢复10.Helpanddocumentation帮助文件咱们的水龙头e$i(internet)世界各地的学者们都根据各自的目的，发展出了不同的设计准则．杰各布·尼尔森“Therearemanygeneralguidelinesdevelopedbydiversescholarsandfordifferentpurposes:web,informationappliances.”世界各地的学者们都根据各自的目的，发展出了不同的设计准则．1.Visibilityofsystemstatus信息的可视性2.NaturalMapping自然映射3.Consistency连贯性4.Constraints约束5.Simplicity简单直接6.Knowledgeintheworldandhead常识性7.DesignforError为误操作而设计8.Standardization标准化GuidelinesofUserInterfaceDesign-DonaldA.Norman唐·诺曼“Therearemanygeneralguidelinesdevelopedbydiversescholarsandfordifferentpurposes:web,informationappliances.”世界各地的学者们都根据各自的目的，发展出了不同的设计准则1.Metaphors比喻2.DirectManipulation直接的操作3.See-and-Point4.Consistency连贯性5.WYSIWYG所见即所得（可视化操作）whatyouseeiswhatyouget．6.UserControl用户控制7.FeedbackandDialog反馈与对话8.Forgiveness赦免9.PerceivedStability感知的稳定性10.AestheticIntegrity美学Visibility:Whatfunctionispossible?接下来会如何？Visualizewhatfunctionispossible,howtouse,whereweareandwhatwouldbetheresults,soastobridgethegulfofexecutionandevaluation我们能做什么，如何做，我们现在在什么位置，结果会是什么，通过视觉化的界面将操作的结果与我们的评估联系起来．Visibility:Constraint约束“Reducethealternativewaysofoperationsothatuserhastheonlyonewayofdoingright.”减少没必要的选择，这样用户就只能沿着唯一正确的操作直到最后．Visibility:Constraints“Reducethealternativewaysofoperationsothatuserhastheonlyonewayofdoingright.”减少没必要的选择，这样用户就只能沿着唯一正确的操作直到最后．Visibility:Constraints“Reducethealternativewaysofoperationsothatuserhastheonlyonewayofdoingright.”减少没必要的选择，这样用户就只能沿着唯一正确的操作直到最后．?Visibility:Affordance引导“Visualizetheclueorpropertiesofinterfacesothatuserperceivescorrectlywhatfunctionispossible.”可视化的状态和界面，使用户知道可能出现的结果．Visibility–SystemState系统状态“Visualizewhatisthecurrentsystemstageandwhatwouldbetheresults,soastobridgethegulfofexecutionandevaluation”系统当前的状态是什么，结果会是什么，通过视觉化的界面将操作的结果与我们的评估联系起来．Visibility–Wherearewenow?我们在哪？“VisualizewherewearenowandhowfurthershouldIgototheendofprocess.”视觉化显示我们目前的位置，我们距离终点还有多远？Visibility–Wherearewenow?我们在哪？“VisualizewherewearenowandhowfurthershouldIgototheendofprocess.”视觉化显示我们目前的位置，我们距离终点还有多远？Simplicity–InterfaceStructure界面结构“Simplifytheinterfacestructuretominimizetheeffortneededforusingaproduct.”简化操作界面的结构，让产品的使用变得更加容易Shallow&narrowdecisionstructure操作结构：浅ＶＳ窄Smallstepsbutwide又浅又宽Manystepsbutselectionrangeisnarrow又窄又深Simplicity–FittoMemoryStructure与记忆机制相适应Simplifytheinterfacesothattheamountofinformationcanfittothecapacityofhumanbrain.”简化界面，合适的信息量以适应大脑的记忆机制FittomemoryStructure适应记忆机制Shorttermmemory短期记忆Don’texceed5+-2itemsthatcanbestoredinshorttermmemory５个左右的元素能适应短期的记忆机制．Longtermmemory长期记忆Meaningful,easy-to-remember,fit-to-user-modelinformationNumberofinformationwhichcangotattentionatonce,Chunkingsmoothperceivingoftheresultofaction有意义的、易于记忆、适当的信息量、醒目的、程序结构分配，有助于对结果的评估。0351860784903518607849#88Simplicity–Technology技术Takeadvantageoftherelevanttechnologysothatcomplextaskcanbesimplified.”利用相关技术，将复杂的任务简化Technologyforsimplicity有助于简化的技术Unifytheoperation,andapplyTechnologyformentalaid.Usetechnologyforsmoothfeedbackaboutproductstatus统一操作模式，运用技术和心理学，使信息反馈更加有效ex)Display例：显示效果Technologicalsimplificationthroughautomation.Applytechnologywhichchangesthepropertyofcontrolitself.实时的系统状态显示ex)ViewCam,DigitalWatch例：电子表、数码相机Simplicity–VisualSimplicity视觉简化“Keeptheappropriatelevelofabstractionofvisualimageandeliminateunnecessaryvisualimages.”保持图象的抽象性，果断地消除冗余的视觉元素Visualsimplicity视觉简化Controlappropriatelevelofabstractionofvisualimage保持图象的抽象性Subtractivedesign:eliminateunnecessaryvisualimages果断地消除冗余的视觉元素Simplicity–FunctionalSimplicity功能简化“Keepthenumberoffunctionsnecessary.”仅仅保留需要的功能Functionalsimplicity功能简化Controlappropriatenumberoffunctionseliminatingunnecessaryfunctions有效地控制必要的功能数量，果断消除冗余的功能80/20NaturalMapping自然映射Usershouldbeabletoeasilyun