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为什么我的英语不自然?“Igoteverysoundexactandcorrect,butstill,itdoesn’tsoundright….”Ifthatistheproblem,thenthislecturemighthopefullybeasolution.主要内容l一、语句重音l二、停顿、意群、气群l三、英语中的节奏l四、英语语调一、语句重音l语句重音指的是人们在朗读连贯的语句时,哪些词要重读哪些词不要重读的规则。l一般规则–重读–不重读l注意一般规则(一):哪些词重读l在连贯的语句中通常需要重读的词有:1.名词、2.形容词、3.数词、4.实义动词、5.副词、6.某些代词(指示代词等)、7.疑问词、8.叹词。l这条规则可以总结为:实词重读1.名词nounlAnelephantisananimal.lI’mateacher.2.形容词adjectivelShe’sbeautiful.lHerskirtisblueandwhite.3.数词numerallIhavetwobrothers.lJohnisnine.4.实义动词notionalverblShesingswell.lMarylovesherdolls.5.副词adverblHespeaksEnglishslowlyandcarefully.6.某些代词(指示代词等)pronounl1.指示代词this,that,these,thoselThatboyoverthereismycousin.l2.反身代词myself,yourself,themselves….lHehimselfhurthisownfoot.l3.不定代词some,every,all,both,none,other,many,few,somebody,something….lEverybodywaslate.lSomearered;someareblue.7.疑问词l1.疑问代词what,which,who,whom,whoselWhatwouldyouliketoeat?l2.疑问副词when,where,howlWhendidyougetthere?8.叹词(interjection)lOh,it’ssnowing.lMy,whatadownpour!lHey,that’saniceshot!lDearme!一般规则(二):哪些词不重读l在连贯的语句中通常不重读的词有:l1.冠词、2.代词(人称、物主、关系代词)、3.非实义动词、4.连词、5.介词。1.冠词lThisisacomputer.lThecomputerismysisters.2.代词(人称、物主、关系代词)lIamateacher.lTheyaremyfriends.lMymotheroftenhelpsme.lThebookthatheisreadingismine.lDoyourememberthegirlwhomwemetattheparty?3.非实义动词lJohnisstudyingChinese.lThemeetingwillbecancelled.lHemaynotgotoShanghaitomorrow.lIusedtogothere.4.连词land,or,for,but,as,than,if,when,while,since,now(that),asif,asthough,etc.lIwon’tdoit,forIdon’tthinkit’sright.lWillyoustayhomeorstaywithme?lHeworksmuchharderthanyou.lHecametoseemebutdidn’tstaylong.5.介词lat,by,for,from,of,in,to,into,etc.lImethimattheairport.lHe’sfromHongKong.注意l和单词重音不同,语句重音并不是一成不变的语音现象。根据说话时的不同心态、不同的着重点、不同的强调内容、不同的语气等可以使原来在句中应重读的词失去重音,而原来不重读的词却又成了重读的词。lA:Ithoughtyouwereastudent.lB:Iamastudent.l….andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.二、停顿、意群、气群l为了使意思表达得更清楚,或者为了换气的需要,人们在说话或朗读的时候,经常需要停顿(pausing)。l形式上,标点符号提示停顿,而且提示停顿的长短。逗号、分号、冒号等停顿较短,句号停顿较长。l意义上,停顿和意群、气群密切相关。意群l一个句子可以按照意义和语法结构分为几个部分,每一个部分可以称为一个意群(sensegroup)。l从语义、语法上来讲,意群是能表达某种意思的一个词,一组词,一个短语或一个分句,一个从句或一个主句。l从语调上来说,意群是可以用降调、升调或平调来朗读的一个语调单位。Before1949,IusedtoliveinHongKongandworkedasateacher.l①Before1949/,↗l②IusedtoliveinHongKong/↗l③andworkedasateacher.↘意义单位语法单位语调单位①1949年前介词短语(状语)升调(句子的一部分,意思不完整)②我住在香港主句(主语、谓语、状语)升调(句子的一部分,意思不完整)③在香港教书主句第二部分降调(全句结束,意思完整)意群的语调l意群根据其在句中的位置可分为句首、句中和句末意群三种。通常来说,句首和句中意群用升调,表示意思不完整,尚须往下听。l但如果句首或句中意群表意完整、语义重要,和后面部分联系并不密切,就可用降调表示。lHeputtheletterintotheenvelope↘,/smokedacigarette↘/andthenwalkedoutofhisroom.↘lWhenshelearnedthat,↗/shewasveryangry↘/anddecidedtopunishtheman.↘气群l凡是一口气能说完或读完的一个句子或句子中一部分称为一个气群。一个气群一般包含若干个意群,气长的人可以念完一个很长的句子而不换气,但最短的气群也不得少于一个意群。lHurryup!//lTakeitaway.//lBothmybrothersandI/arefondofmusic.//lMaryandherfriend/hadabigquarrel.//lWhichisbigger,//anelephant/oratiger?//三、英语中的节奏l先看例子:Shestudieseverymorning.Shestudieseverymorning.l在朗读时,重读音节要念得重些,长些,慢些(因而显得特别响亮清楚);非重读音节则要念得轻些、短些、快些(因而显得不是那么响亮清楚)。l这种自然形成的轻重、长短、快慢等有规律的交替就构成英语里的基本节奏。一个节奏群lIt’sfine.lI’mbusy.lHe’sadoctor.lThere’saletterforyou.两个节奏群lGothere.lIwanttogo.lIwantedtoknow.lIwantedyoutoknow.lIwantedyoutodoit.lIwantedyoutowritetohim.lIthinkhediditcarefully.lIwonderifhe’llaskmeinadvance.lTheysaidtheyhadtogoatonce.lHowfarisitfromheretoLondon?lWheredidyousayyouhadputmyglasses?oolComehere.lLookout!lWhatfor?lNomore.lSay“yes”.lAskJohn.ooolTryagain.lNotenough.lLookinside.lDoitnow.lNotsofast.lCutthebread.ooolIthinkso.lI’dliketo.lOfcoursenot.lIt’searly.lShe’sready.lI’msorry.oooolIt’spossible.lHewantedit.lThey’vefinishedit.lI’veheardofit.lI’vepaidforit.lBenicetoher.lafriendofmine.oooolSendhimaway.lTerriblyslow.lGivehimabooklWhatisthetime?lSingusasong.lThrowitaway.ooooolI’veeatenthemall.lHewantedusto.lIknowwhatitis.lHegaveittome.lWehadtodoit.oooooolIthinkitwillbefine.lIwantedyoutoknow.lYououghttogotobed.lYouonlyhavetotry.lI’lltrytobeintime.lHedidn’tknowtheway.ooooooolHestartedtotalktome.lShewantedtowritetohim.lI’llborrowanotherone.lYou’llgetitonSunday.lHecameonabicycle.四、英语语调l人们在说话或朗读时,声音时升时降,时高时低。这种声音的高低升降与句子重音结合在一起便构成英语语调。l英语里最基本的语调有两种:降调和升调。–句子末尾用下降语调的叫降调。–句子末尾用上升语调的叫升调。降、升调的三个共同点l1.句子中第一个重读音节的声调最高。lBoththechildrenareplayingoutside.•Both•thechildrenare•playingout•↘side.l2.第一个重读音节之前的非重读音节声调低平。lHeshouldhaveaskedhowtodoit.•asked•howto•Heshouldhave↘doitl3.第一个重读音节之后的其他重读音节,声调依次递降。lBoththechildrenareplayingoutside.•Both•thechildrenare•playingout•↘side.lHepromisedtosendatelepgramonhisarrival.降调的特点l1.在最后一个重读音节上声调下降。–Whyareyousolate?l2.最后一个重读音节后面的非重读音节,其声调低平。–What’sonatthecinema?升调的特点l1.如果句末是重读音节,声调就在这个音节上上升。–Mustyougo?l2.如果句末是非重读音节,则在最后一个重读音节开始声调就须由低向上稍升,后面的非重读音节的声调再依次上升。–Didyouspeaktohimyesterday?句中上升lIsupposeitcouldn’t↑possiblyhappenagain.lDidthepostman↑bringanyletterstoday?lI’msorryIcouldn’t↑quitemakeoutwhatyouweresaying.lWeplayedtennisforanhourin↑spiteoftherain.lMyeldestdaughterhasde↑cidedtotakeupac↑countingasacareer.
本文标题:英语发音的重音、停顿、节奏、语调
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