2014高考英语总复习 语法专题复习：第八讲 情态动词

◆高考总复习·英语◆第八讲情态动词返◆高考总复习·英语◆考点透析1．can(could)，beableto。can只有现在式和过去式could两种形式，beableto可用于现在式、过去式、将来时、完成时。要表示“能够做某事”，可用can或beableto，但若要说过去的确运用了某种能力做成了某件事情，就只能用was/wereableto，表将来具备的能力只能用will/shallbeableto。返◆高考总复习·英语◆(1)Ifyoustudyhard，youwillbeabletoexpressfreelyinEnglishinthreemonths.(2)Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.2．could是can的过去式，但是在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，它表示语气的委婉。因此，用could提问时，不能用could回答，而要用can或may。would，might用于疑问句时也表委婉语气，回答时应该用will，may。返◆高考总复习·英语◆(1)－CouldIborrowyourdictionary?－Yes，ofcourseyoucan.(2)－CouldIcallyoubythefirstname?－Yes，youmay.(3)－Wouldyoubesokindastoexplaintheword?－Yes，Iwill.Whatisit?3．may/might，can/could都可表示可能，但may/might不能用于问句，can/could用于否定句、疑问句、感叹句，表示惊异、怀疑，一般不用于肯定句。如果用于肯定句，则表示偶尔发生某事的可能，或某人某物一时的特点。返◆高考总复习·英语◆(1)－AreyoucomingtoJeff'sparty?－I'mnotsure.Imightgototheconcertinstead.(2)－WherecanMr.Libe?－Sorry，Idon'tknow.YoucangotoaskMr.Zhang.Hemayhelpyou.(3)Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.Howcanitbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?(4)WeenjoygoodweatherinJanuary，butsometimesitcanbeterriblycold.返◆高考总复习·英语◆4．must表推测用于肯定句，其否定式要用can't。对现在表示推测：mustdo；can'tdo对正在进行的动作表示推测：mustbedoing；can'tbedoing对过去表示推测：musthavedone；can't/couldn'thavedone(1)－Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar，buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.－Itcouldn'thavebeenacomfortablejourney.(2)Jackcan'thavearrivedyet，otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.返◆高考总复习·英语◆(3)Putonmoreclothes，youmustbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.(4)Ididn'thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.5．情态动词完成式的意义。can/couldhavedone过去可能做过，过去本来可以做某事但没有做musthavedone过去一定做过mayhavedone可能已经做过，本来可以做但没做返◆高考总复习·英语◆mighthavedone过去可能做过，过去本来可以做但没做can't/couldn'thavedone过去不可能做过某事should(not)havedone过去本该(不该)做，但却没做(做了)ought(not)tohavedone过去本该(不该)做，但却没做(做了)needn'thavedone过去本来没必要做，但却做了wouldrather(not)havedone宁愿过去做了(没做)返◆高考总复习·英语◆注意：musthavedone，mayhavedone，mighthavedone，can'thavedone都表推测。其区别在于可能性的大小。musthavedone表很有可能，mayhavedone表有可能，mighthavedone表可能性很小，can'thavedone则为“不可能”。(1)ItoldSallyhowtogethere，butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitoutforher.(2)Sorry，I'mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.(3)Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youshouldn'thavelefthomewithoutaword.返◆高考总复习·英语◆(4)Tomneedn'thavegotupthatearlysinceitwasSundayandhehadnothingimportanttodo.(5)Iwouldrathernothaveblamedhimbecausehewasachildafterall.6．关于should的主要用法。(1)It'salreadyseveno'clock.Jackshouldbehereatanymoment.(should表推测，意为“随时都会来”，“真该来了”。)(2)－WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.－Theyshouldbereadyby12：00.(should：应该)返◆高考总复习·英语◆(3)Youcan'timaginethatawellbehavedgentlemanshouldbesorudetoalady.(should表惊异，意为“居然”、“竟然”)(4)Ifheshouldfailtocome，askMr.Zhangtoattendtheceremonyinstead.(should表语气较强的假设，意为“万一”)(5)Weshouldhavestudiedlastnight，butwewenttotheconcertinstead.(shouldhavestudied：我们本该学习的，但却没有学习)返◆高考总复习·英语◆7．关于shall的用法。shall用于第一人称、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方意见或向对方请示。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。(1)ShallIgoonreadingthetext?我要继续读课文吗？(shall：征求意见)(2)Youshallbepunishedonedayforwhatyou'vedone.总有一天你会因你的所作所为受到惩罚的。(shall：威胁，警告)(3)Heshallgetwhathedeserves.Ipromiseit.他会得到他应该得到的，我保证。(shall：允诺)返◆高考总复习·英语◆强化训练单句填空按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的情态动词或根据提示使用正确形式的情态动词。1．(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)I________(not)useaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo'clockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.needn't返◆高考总复习·英语◆2．(2012·陕西卷)I________(not)thankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.3．(2012·重庆卷)—________youinterruptnow?Can'tyouseeI'monthephone?—SorrySir,butit'surgent.4．(2012·四川卷)IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIsaid“NiHao”justasI______doinChina.can'tMustmight返◆高考总复习·英语◆5．(2012·江西卷)We________(not)haveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon'tbewithusfordinner.6．(2012·辽宁卷)Oneofourrulesisthateverystudent________wearschooluniformwhileatschool.7．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I'mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI________findthemoney.8．(2012·天津卷)—Youhavetobelieveinyourself.Nooneelsewill,ifyoudon't.—I________(not)agreemore.Confidenceisreallyimportant.needn'tshallcancouldn't返◆高考总复习·英语◆9．(2012·上海卷)Thenewlawstatesthatpeople______(not)driveafterdrinkingalcohol.10．(2012·天津卷)It'squitewarmhere;we________(not)turntheheatingonyet.11．(2011·湖南卷)—Noone________becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.—Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.12．(2011·四川卷)Thepolicestillhaven'tfoundthelostchild,butthey'redoingallthey________.mustn'tneedn'tcancan返◆高考总复习·英语◆13．(2011·江西卷)It________(not)bethepostmanatthedoor.It'sonlysixo'clock.14．(2011·浙江卷)—How'syournewbabysitter?—We________(not)askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.15．(2011·北京卷)—Idon'treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don'tworry.He________notcome.Hesaidhewasn'tcertainwhathisplanswere.can'tcouldn'tmight返◆高考总复习·英语◆