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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 资本运营 > 2016届高考英语二轮复习课件第三部分专题二 阅读理解 第4课时.ppt
第4课时顺藤摸瓜——明辨词义猜测类题目⊙怎么考1.词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力,以及it,they,them等判断其指代内容。2.词义猜测类题目中常含有referto,mean,beplacedby,isclosestinmeaningto,standfor,bedefinedas等。⊙怎么学在平时阅读训练中除积累阅读的常用技巧外,还要有意学会猜测生僻词汇的能力,以及一些熟词生义的用法等。⊙怎么解做此类题目,要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,“上下取证”,通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义,“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解,然后“上下求证”是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。具体方法1.根据接近或递进关系:由and或or等可确定生词的义域,推知它的大致意义。2.根据选择或相对关系:对比or(要么,或者)前面和后面的句子或词语,来猜测生词的含义。3.根据同位或解释关系:通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。4.根据转折或对比关系:由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义。5.根据因果关系:根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果,也可由果推因。常见的词有:since,as,therefore,dueto,thus等。6.根据列举的实例:根据suchas,forexample等后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思。7.利用构词法猜测词义:很多词都可以通过分析其“转化”“合成”或“派生”来确定该词在具体语境中的意义。【典例剖析1】(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅱ,D)EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isa__replicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalScienceinHouston,Texas,spentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour,whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember.Whatdothewords“areplica”inParagraph2referto?A.Apaintingoftheskeleton.B.AphotographofLucy.C.Acopyoftheskeleton.D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.答案C[本题需要猜测的是生僻词replica,根据画线部分后面的“whiletherealremains”,while表示“而”,为上下文“对比”关系,相对于“thereal”,可知,上文意义应是“假的,非真实的”;画线部分应指的是骨骼复制品,故选C项。]【典例剖析2】(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ,C)TheCRF'sproduceis“green”,madewithinthecountryanddividedinto10lines,withtheAlcoholSeriesbeingthemostpopular.TheExoticSeries—withSichuanpepper,redbean(豆),cheeseandotherflavors—alsodoeswellandisfuntotaste.Andforchocolate__snobs,whothinkthattheyhaveabetterknowledgeofchocolatethanothers,theConnoisseurSeriesusescocoabeansfromTogo,Cuba,Venezuela,andGhana,amongothers.Thewords“chocolatesnobs”inParagraph3probablyrefertopeoplewho________.A.areparticularaboutchocolateB.knowlittleaboutcocoabeansC.lookdownuponothersD.liketotrynewflavors答案A[本题要猜测的是短语;根据画线部分后面的定语从句,“他们认为自己比别人更了解巧克力……”,再根据画线部分上文内容,“Andfor...”“至于……,对于……”有转折的意义,故选A项“对巧克力很挑剔的人”。]【典例剖析3】(2013·山东卷,D)Sparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyears,untilanewCEO,CarlPearson,decidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfastfoodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A.CustomersofSparrowrestaurants.B.Sparrowrestaurants.C.Customersofotherfast-foodchains.D.Otherfastfoodchains.答案D[本题要猜测的是代词。根据原文Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.可知,其他连锁店的顾客不愿离开他们的连锁店。此处,turnawayfrom表示“从……处走开”,所以from之后应该是主语的原始位置,顺藤摸瓜,故选D项。]【典例剖析4】(2014·广东卷,B)...“Here'stheidea,”Annesays.“Anythingyouthinkthereshouldbemoreof,doitrandomly.”Herfantasiesincludepaintingtheclassroomsofshabbyschools,leavinghotmealsonkitchentablesinthepoorpartoftown,andgivingmoneysecretlytoaproudoldlady.Annesays,“Kindnesscanbuildonitselfasmuchasviolencecan.”Theactsofrandomkindnessspread.Ifyouwereoneofthosedriverswhofoundyourfarepaid,whoknowswhatyoumighthavebeeninspiredtodoforsomeoneelselater.Likeallgreatevents,kindnessbeginsslowly,witheverysingleact.Letitbeyours!Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentenceabove?A.Kindnessandviolencecanchangetheworld.B.Kindnessandviolencecanaffectone'sbehavior.C.Kindnessandviolencecanreproducethemselves.D.Kindnessandviolencecanshapeone'scharacter.答案C[本题要猜测的是句意。解此类题时,除根据上下文的意义外,还要抓句子的关键词汇或短语。画线部分中buildon为关键短语,与C项中关键词reproduce为对应关系,故选C项。]
本文标题:2016届高考英语二轮复习课件第三部分专题二 阅读理解 第4课时.ppt
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