一般规范General-Specifications-NHA(英译中)-英中对照

GOVERNMENTOFPAKISTAN巴基斯坦政府NATIONALHIGHWAYAUTHORITY国家公路局GENERALSPECIFICATIONS一般规范(DECEMBER–1998)（1998年12月）Prepared&PresentedBy:编制和递交单位：SampakInternational(Pvt)Ltd.Sampak国际（私有）责任公司ManagementConsultants管理顾问G-568,JoharTown,Lahore,Pakistan.巴基斯坦拉合尔乔哈尔镇G-568FOREWORD前言ReviewandupdatingofGeneralSpecificationsofNationalHighwayAuthority(1991)becameessentialinlightofnewresponsibilitiesentrustedbytheHonorablePrimeMinisterofPakistanonthisAgencytoConstructMotorwaysandotherimportanthighwaysoninternationalstandards.受巴基斯坦总理委托，本机构将履行新职责来审查并更新《国家公路局一般规范（1991年）》，以按照国际标准修建高速公路和其他重要公路。InordertoassessthenewrequirementsofGeneralSpecificationswearrangedseriesofmeetingswithotherconsultantsoftheAuthority,besidesgettingtheopinionsofmajorcontractorsinHighwayIndustry.WealsoconsulteddifferentDirectoratesoftheAuthoritytoknowtheproblemsfeltbythemduringexecutionofhighwayprojects.Aseminarwasalsoarrangedtodiscussvariousmaters,whichattractedrepresentativesofvariousclients,consultantsandcontractorsofhighwayindustryinPakistan.为评估《一般规范》的新要求，除收集公路行业主要承包商的意见之外，我们与主管机构的其他顾问一同召开了一系列会议。我们还咨询了公路局各主管部门，以了解他们在实施公路项目期间所发现的问题。另外，我们也召开了一场研讨会来讨论各种问题，吸引了巴基斯坦境内公路行业各业主、顾问和承包商单位代表参加。WehavecarriedoutamendmentsinthecurrentGeneralSpecificationslookingtothecausesofdisputesandreasonsoffailureofcertainroadsconstructedinvariouspartsofthecountry.AdditionofnewitemshasalsobeenmadeintheexistingspecificationstocaterforfutureneedsofNationalHighwayAuthority.针对全国范围内部分道路建筑工程的争议成因以及缺陷缘由，我们对现行的《一般规范》进行了修订。同时也在现行规范中增加了新内容，以迎合国家公路局今后的需求。Oursincerethanksareduetoseveralagencies,whichcontributedincompilationofthisimportantdocument,howeverspecialattentionofContractsandSpecificationsSectionofNationalHighwayAuthorityundertheguidanceofChairmanNHA,helpedustocompletetheassignmentsuccessfully.WehopethatthisdocumentwillcontributeeffectivelyinimprovingtheworkmanshipandqualityofhighwayconstructioninPakistan.真诚感谢帮助我们编写本文件的有关各方。特别感谢国家公路局主席，正是在他的指导下，我们才能顺利完成国家公路局合同和规范章节的编制任务。我们希望本文件能够有效帮助提高巴基斯坦境内公路建设的工艺和质量。ForSAMPAKInternational(Pvt)Ltd.,(S.M.A.Shirazi)SAMPAK国际（私有）有限公司（S.M.A.Shirazi）国家公路局一般规范目录GENERAL概述.....................................................................................................................................7EARTHWORKANDALLIEDACTIVITIES土方工程和相关活动..............................................29ITEM100GENERAL第100项概述..........................................................................................30ITEM101CLEARINGANDGRUBBING第101项清理和挖伐.....................................................34ITEM102REMOVALOFTREES第102项砍伐树木......................................................................36ITEM103STRIPPING第103项清表................................................................................................37ITEM104COMPACTIONOFNATURALGROUND.第104项天然地面的压实..........................38ITEM105ROADWAYANDBORROWEXCAVATIONFOREMBANKMENT第105项路堤的道路开挖和借土开挖..................................................................................................................................40ITEM106EXCAVATIONOFUNSUITABLEORSURPLUSMATERIAL第106项不合适的或多余材料的开挖..........................................................................................................................................44ITEM107STRUCTURALEXCAVATIONANDBACKFILL第107项结构开挖和回填................47ITEM108FORMATIONOFEMBANKMENT第108项路堤填筑...................................................55ITEM109SUBGRADEPREPARATION第109项路基填筑............................................................64ITEM110IMPROVEDSUBGRADE第110项改良路基...................................................................68ITEM111SOILCEMENTSTABILIZEDSUBGRADE第111项水泥土稳定路基..........................71ITEM112LIMESTABILIZEDSUBGRADE第112项石灰稳定路基........................................76ITEM113BITUMENSTABILIZEDSUBGRADE第113项沥青稳定路基......................................80ITEM114DRESSINGANDCOMPACTIONOFBERMS第114项护道的修整和压实..................83ITEM115REINSTATEMENTOFSHOULDERSFROMBRICKKILNMATERIAL第115项使用砖窑材料进行的路肩修复..........................................................................................................................85BASEANDSUBBASE基层和底基层..................................................................................................88ITEM200GENERAL第200项概述..................................................................................................89ITEM201GRANULARSUBBASE第201项颗粒底基层................................................................91ITEM202AGGREGATEBASECOURSE第202项骨料基层..........................................................96ITEM203ASPHALTICBASECOURSEPLANTMIX第203项沥青基层的厂拌混合料............100ITEM204SOILCEMENTSTABILIZEDSUBBASEANDBASE第204项水泥稳定土底基层和基层...............................................................................................................................................113ITEM205CRACK-RELIEFLAYER第205项防裂层...................................................................120ITEM206WATERBOUNDMACADAMBASE第206项水结碎石基层......................................123ITEM207DEEPPATCHING第207项深层修补...................................................................