高中英语句子成分和结构讲解课件

英语句子成分与结构Englishsentencesnounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)Vt系动词ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.Membersofasentence•主语subject•谓语predicate•宾语object•表语predicative•宾补complement•定语attribute•状语adverbial•同位语appositiveImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,主语一般位于______。句首Lilylikeshernewbike.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.（二）谓语（predicate)：由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。Heworksveryhard.谓语Theweatherisverynicetoday.谓语Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.谓语Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语（object）动作的对象或承受者，由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于_________或______之后。（不定式）（动名词）（句子）及物动词介词通常情况下，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.Hegavemesomebooks.（四）表语（predicative）连系动词1.be动词(am,is,are,was,were)3.感官动词(look,smell,hear,feel…)+表语2.表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)Mysisterisanurse.Shegotangry.•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•Doyousmellsomethingburning?•Hemadehimselfknowntothem.（五）宾语补足语（objectcomplement）（六）定语:(attribute)（Noun/Pronoun）这是一节生动有趣的课．Thisisalivelyandinterestingclass.有一些难题要处理．Thereissomethingdifficulttodealwith.前置定语后置定语Tips:形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰词的前面，而介词短语、不定式短语则放在被修饰词之后。(七)同位语:(appositive)我们有两个孩子，一男一女．Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车．Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。解释说明前面的名词或代词的名词短语或从句，对前者进行补充说明。Thefactsurprisedallofus.He,mybrother,isastudent.同位语抽象名词Thefactsurprisedallofus.thattheuniversitystudentkilledhismotherTheyaskedmeaquestion.Theworkwasworthdoing.Theyaskedmethequestion同位语从句whethertheworkwasworthdoing.whytheworkwasworthdoing.同位语从句（八）状语:(adverbial)状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。①表时间：yesterday,today,tomorrow…Shallwegoshoppingtodayortomorrow?我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？②表地点：inChina,attheairport…Isawastudentintheclassroom.我在教室里看见一个学生．③表原因:because,as,for,since…他因为生病所以今天没有去上学．Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschooltoday.④表结果：to+do,v+ing,从句那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．Theboyfelloffthetree,strikinghisheadagainsttheground.⑤表目的:inorderto,inorderthat,forthepurpose为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力．Inordertogetintoabetterschool,Imuststudyevenharder.⑥表条件:as/solongas,if,unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩．Aslongasyoustudyhard,youcangetahighmark.⑦表让步:inspiteof,despite,although,though他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我．Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn’tknowme.⑧表程度:very,enough,tosomeextent…那里的风景非常漂亮．Thescenerythereisverybeautiful.⑨表方式:likethat,as,asif…不要那样看我．Don’tlookatmelikethat!⑩表伴随状况：老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书．Theteachercameintotheclassroom,catchingabookinhishand.with画出下列句子的状语•Iwillbebackinawhile.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.•Iwaitedtoseeyou.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.consolidation指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Fivebasicsentencepattern英语五大基本句型•一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)•二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)•三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)•四:ＳＶＯｏ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)•五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)1.Ｓ＋Ｖ(主＋谓)Ｖ是不及物动词1.Thesunrose.2.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.3.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.2.Ｓ+Ｖ(系动词)+Ｐ(表语)1.Thedinnersmellsgood.2.Everythinglooksdifferent.3.Ourwellhasgonedry.4.Hisfaceturnedred.3.S+V+O(V是及物动词)例如：1.Isawafilmyesterday.2.Theybuiltahouselastyear.3.Youshouldlookafteryourchildrenwell.4.S+V+O1+O2(V是及物动词)在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的带有双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get,rob,warn等。例：sheorderedherselfanewdress.shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.5.S+V+O+CThewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Tips：宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系a.ＳＶb.ＳＶＰc.ＳＶＯd.ＳＶＯｏe.ＳＶＯＣ1.Pleasetellusastory._______2.Shesmiled.______3.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____4.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____5.Pleaselookatthepicture._____dabecPracticeNobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.‹›主+谓主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish•1.你的故事听起来很有趣。•2.我感到有一点累。•3.我妹妹是在农村长大的。•4.这家医院创建于1950年。••5.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。•6、他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。•7、顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？•8、下学期谁教你们生物？•9、他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净•10、什么促使你这样想的？Thankyou!