骨关节影像学诊断基础知识

1骨关节影像学基础知识2骨关节影像学检查方法3恶性纤维组织细胞瘤Plainfilm4CT恶性纤维组织细胞瘤5MR恶性纤维组织细胞瘤6Angiography恶性纤维组织细胞瘤7PlainfilmFracture8CTOsteomyelitisChondrosarcoma9MRChondrosarcoma10骨关节正常影像学表现11NerverootVertebralarteryTransverseforamenIntervertebralforamenThevertebralarterygoesthroughthesixthtothefirsttransverseforamen;Thereintheseventhtransverseforamenistherootofbrachialplexus..121314151617骨基本病变的种类０1、骨质疏松０2、骨质软化０3、骨质破坏０4、骨质增生硬化０5、骨膜增生０6、骨与软骨内钙化０7、骨质坏死０8、矿物质沉积；０９、骨胳变形；１０、周围软组织病变。18是指一定单位体积内正常钙化的骨组织减少。组织学变化是骨皮质变薄，骨小梁减少，哈氏管扩大。X线表现：骨密度减低，骨皮质变薄，骨小梁减少。常见于老年人，骨结核，类风湿，甲旁亢骨质疏松19骨质疏松正常甲旁亢正常20正常老年性骨质疏松214岁.骨结核骨质疏松NormalOsteoporosisdenotesthatthediseaseischronicandsothatisbenign.正常22骨质疏松Normal甲旁亢Normal23甲旁亢NormalOsteoporosisNormal骨膜下骨吸收24骨质疏松（hypercortisolism）Cushing综合征25Normal骨质疏松Normal类风湿26OsteoporosisNormal老年骨质疏松Normal27骨质软化1.定义一定单位体积内骨组织有机成分正常，而矿物质含量减少。组织学变化：骨小梁中央部分钙化，外周未钙化2.X线表现骨密度减低（腰椎和骨盆最明显），骨小梁模糊，变形--下肢弯曲、骨盆畸形、假骨折线3.原因骨软化症（成人）佝偻病（生长期）28佝偻病Normal29佝偻病Normal30佝偻病31佝偻病Normal32佝偻病骨质软化症33Normal骨质软化症34骨质破坏骨质破坏是局部骨质为病理组织所替代而造成的骨组织消失，可见于炎症，结核，肿瘤，肿瘤样病变，缺血坏死，内分泌疾病等35骨质破坏Normal骨巨细胞瘤Normal36骨质破坏Normal骨转移瘤Normal37骨质破坏脊椎结核NormalNormalNormalNormal38骨质破坏Normal骨髓炎Normal39甲旁亢骨质破坏NormalNormal40恶性纤维组织细胞瘤Bonedestruction41Bonedestruction非骨化性纤维瘤平片CT42BonedestructionNormal骨肉瘤Normal43NormalNormal多发性骨髓瘤Bonedestruction44NormalNormalBonedestruction骨转移瘤45NormalNormalBonedestruction骨转移瘤46骨质坏死(necrosisofbone)是骨组织局部代谢的停止，坏死的骨质称为死骨（sequestrum)。死骨可见于化脓性骨髓炎、结核、缺血坏死、外伤、恶性骨肿瘤；以前者多见。47sequestrum骨髓炎DiedofhematosepsisNormalNormal48骨髓炎死骨NormalNormalNormalNormal49死骨慢性骨髓炎50NormalNormal死骨慢性骨髓炎51骨结核死骨CT52死骨骨结核53死骨骨脓肿54sequestrum股骨头缺血坏死55Normal舟骨缺血坏死sequestrumNormal56是指一定单位体积内骨质数量增多，变致密。骨质硬化的原因很多。骨质硬化57Osteosclerosis骨样骨瘤NormalNormalNormalNormal58Osteosclerosis骨样骨瘤59骨肉瘤骨转移Osteosclerosis60腰椎成骨转移Osteosclerosis61石骨症Osteosclerosis“layercake”sign62石骨症Osteosclerosis63Osteosclerosis骨肉瘤64慢性骨髓炎Osteosclerosis65慢性骨髓炎Osteosclerosis66甲旁减NormalNormalOsteosclerosis67强直性脊柱炎NormalNormalOsteosclerosis68骨膜反应69PeriostealreactionFracture70Periostealreaction骨髓炎71Periostealreaction疲劳骨折72尤文氏肉瘤Periostealreaction73骨肉瘤Periostealreaction74Periostealtriangle骨肉瘤75骨膜三角（Codman三角）X-rayfilmMRI-TIWISpecimen76骨膜下血肿Periostealtriangle77静脉曲张Periostealtriangle78梅毒Periostealreaction79骨与软组织内钙化80Ossificationinboneandcartilage软骨肉瘤81骨梗死82Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage骨梗死83Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage骨梗死84Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage骨梗死85Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage软骨瘤86Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage软骨瘤87Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage软骨肉瘤88Ossificationorcalcificationinboneandcartilage骨软骨瘤89矿物质沉积90铅中毒Depositofmineralsalt91Depositofmineralsalt慢性磷中毒concentriccircles92氟骨症Depositofmineralsalt93骨骼变形94Metamorphoseofbone慢性骨髓炎佝偻病95Metamorphoseofbone96骨纤维异常增殖症Metamorphoseofbone97骨周围软组织病变98Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone99Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone100Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone骨化性肌炎101Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone骨化性肌炎102Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone血管瘤103Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone恶性纤维组织细胞瘤104女，47岁，发现骶部肿块2月。脊索瘤Lesionsofsofttissuearoundthebone