kj8 自动变速器基本组成及液力变矩器 汽车底盘构造与维修课件

COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!项目8自动变速器基本组成及液力变矩器教学目标1.了解自动变速器的分类、基本组成和工作原理；2.掌握液力变矩器的结构、原理和故障诊断与检修。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.1自动变速器概述一、自动变速器的分类1.按结构和控制方式1)机械式自动变速器，简称AMT(AutomatedMechanicalTransmission)2)无级自动变速器，简称CVT(ContinuouslyVariableTransmission)COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.1自动变速器概述3)液力式自动变速器按控制方式：液控自动变速器和电控自动变速器按机械变速器结构：行星齿轮变速器和非行星齿轮变速器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.1自动变速器概述2．按车辆的驱动方式分1)自动变速器(AutomaticTransmission)2)自动变速驱动桥(AutomaticTransaxle)COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.1自动变速器概述二、自动变速器基本组成和工作原理1.基本组成包括液力变矩器、行星齿轮变速器、液压控制系统、电子控制系统、冷却滤油装置等。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.1自动变速器概述2.基本原理1)液控自动变速器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.1自动变速器概述2)电控自动变速器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.1自动变速器概述ECTECUTPSVSS档位开关油温/水温发动机转速制动灯开关怠速触点OD开关诊断座模式开关1＃电磁阀2＃电磁阀TCC控制电磁阀ODOFF指示灯MIL主油压控制电磁阀COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.1自动变速器概述四、自动变速器选档杆的使用1.选档杆的布置COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.1自动变速器概述2.选档杆的档位情况P：驻车档R：倒档N：空档D：前进档2：高速发动机制动档L：低速发动机制动档COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器准备知识：液力偶合器的结构、组成包括主动的泵轮、从动的涡轮和工作介质ATF油。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!液力偶合器的工作原理–以一对风扇为例进行说明。8.2液力变矩器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器–液力偶合器的油液流动COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器总结–只有存在环流运动时才能传递动力；–只有存在转速差（nbnw）才能存在环流运动；–nWnB，TW=TB；–nw=nb，TW=0。–η=PW/PB=nW/nB=iCOPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器一、液力变矩器的安装COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器二、液力变矩器的功用和组成1.功用1)传递转矩2)无级变速3)自动离合4)驱动油泵5)防止传动系过载COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器2.液力变矩器的组成先观看录像。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器由泵轮、涡轮、导轮、单向离合器、锁止离合器等组成。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器三、液力变矩器的工作原理先观看录像。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器1.动力的传递COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器2.转矩的放大以带空气管道的一对风扇说明。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器导轮的作用COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!进一步分析说明8.2液力变矩器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器结论：a.nw=0，nBnw，ATF流向导轮正面，TD0，TW=TB+TDb.nw0，接近0.85nB时，ATF与导轮叶片相切，TD=0，Tw=TBc.nw≈nB，ATF流向导轮背面，TD0，Tw=TB-TDCOPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器四、液力变矩器特性1.定义：当发动机转速和转矩一定时，泵轮的转速和转矩也一定，变矩比K、传动效率η与转速比i之间的变化规律。K=Tw/TB≥1i=nw/nB≤1η=Pw/PB=Ki≤1COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器2.特性曲线失速点偶合点COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!五、典型液力变矩器应用较多为三元件液力变矩器，并带有锁止离合器的单向离合器。8.2液力变矩器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器1.单向离合器（超越离合器、自由轮机构）a.功用：实现单向锁止，使变矩器在高速区成为偶合器。b.结构：–滚柱式COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器–楔块式COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器观看单向离合器录像。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器2.锁止离合器（TCC）a.功用：把泵轮、涡轮刚性连在一起，减少液力变矩器在高速比时的能量损耗，提高传动效率，提高汽车在正常行驶时的燃油经济性，并防止ATF油过热。b.结构：COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器c.原理：a)锁止状态b)分离状态1－涡轮轮毂2－变矩器壳体3－压盘4－扭转减振器COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器d.控制条件冷却液温度不能低于65°。选档杆处于D位，且档位在D2、D3或D4档。没有踩下制动踏板。车速必须高于56km/h。节气门开启。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器观看锁止离合器录像。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器六、液力变矩器的故障与检修1.涡轮花键1)现象：前后档不走，但油压正常。2)检查：拆检，目视检查即可。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器2.单向离合器1)现象：车辆加速起步无力，不踩加速踏板车辆不走，但车辆行驶起来之后换挡正常，发动机功率正常，失速转速比正常值低400～800rpm。2)检查用专用工具插入油泵驱动毂和单向离合器外座圈的槽口中。然后用手指压住单向离合器的内座圈并转动它。检查是否顺时针转动平稳而逆时针方向锁止。COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED!8.2液力变矩器3)失速试验a.发动机起动运转到正常工作温度；b.拉起驻车制动手柄，左脚踩下制动踏板；c.将换挡杆置于D或R位；d.右脚将加速踏板迅速踩到底，在5s内读出发动机转速，此转速为失速转速。一般为2100~2300rpm。思考题：为什么单向离合器损坏会导致失速转速低？COPYRIGHT2002,ZHANGHONGWEI,LIAONINGCOMMUNICATIONSCOLLEGE.A