高考英语专题定语从句语法详解以及练习题

定语从句定语从句就是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，并且作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as2、关系副词：when,where,why关系代词和关系副词必须位于主句先行词之后，定语从句之首，起着连接先行词和定语从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。先行词：定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.她就是住在隔壁家的女孩。关系词先行词在从句中所作的成分省略情况关系代词who人主语,宾语,表语作宾语时可省略whom人宾语可省略which物主语,宾语,表语作宾语时可省略that人或物主语,宾语,表语作宾语时可省略as人,物或事主语,宾语,表语不可省略whose人或物定语不可省略关系副词when时间名词时间状语不可省略where地点名词地点状语不可省略why原因reason原因状语不可省略whose引导定语从句时的用法.先行词指人或者物，并且在定语从句中作定语，用whose/ofwhom/ofwhich.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisapoliceman.Thisisthehousewhosewindowfacestothesouth.这就是面朝南的那个房子。Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichfacestothesouth.Thisisthehouse,ofwhichthewindowfacestothesouth.as引导定语从句时的用法①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。Such+名词+as…像。。。一样的，像。。。之类的Such+as像。。。一样的，像。。。之类的Thesame+名词+as…和。。同样的e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。HeisnotthesamemanasIknew.他不是我过去认识的那个人了ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.这不是我想要的书。Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.他是一个人人都喜欢的聪明的男孩Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.他是一个如此聪明的孩子以至于人人都喜欢他。定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1）用that而不用which，who,whom的情况：①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,all,everything…；e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。②先行词有最高级修饰themost,thebest，有序数词修饰thefirst,thesecond.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。③先行词有only,very,any,all,oneof,few,no,little,few,much,等表示程度词，不定代词修饰.MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.TherewaslittlethatIcoulddoforyou.④先行词既有人又有物时。Thehousefellandhurtawomanandherdogthatwerejustpassingby.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?⑤主句已有疑问词who,which时只用that.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.2）用which,who,whom而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句逗号之后不能用that；e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指人的时候，关系代词只能是who,whom，不能用that；Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom,mostofwhomareboys.先行词指物的时候，关系代词只能用which,不能用that。Ihavealotofbooks,mostofwhichareEnglishbooks.②代表整个主句的意思；Hewaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherveryunhappy.他又迟到了这使得老师很不高兴③介词+关系代词(whom/which)。Thisistheroominwhich/wheremyfatherlivedlastyear.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。Thisistheroomwhich/thatmyfatherlivedinlastyear.3)以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句当theway作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，则关系代词选用that/which，作宾语时还可省略；若定语从句中缺少方式状语，则用inwhich或that引导，也可省略。thatThewaywhichheexplainedtouswasquitesimple.不填而当定语从句中缺状语时,引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种形式:thatThewayinwhichheexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.不填1.Idon'tlikethewaythat/whichweretaughtbyourteacher.2.Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youtalktome.1.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.2.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.3.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who4.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose5.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as6.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.inthat关系副词的用法当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。When=表示时间的介词（如in,at,on,during等）+whichWhere=表示地点的介词（如in,at,on,under等）+whichWhy=表示原因的介词（如,for）+whichIstillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoChongqing.我还记得第一次来重庆的那一天。Thisistheroominwhich/whereIlivedlastyear.这是我去年居住过的房子。Thisistheroomwhich/thatIlivedinlastyear.Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichheisabsent?你知道他缺席的原因吗？1.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who2.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich3.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,，mostof_____arefamilymembers.(2013年重庆高考真题)A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom4.We'llreachthesalestargetsinamonth_____wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.(2014年重庆高考真题)A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what