必修三 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars

必修三Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars常考单词harmful(三年1考);exist;pull冷点词汇常考短语intime(三年1考);cheerup(三年1考);inone'sturnprevent...from；puzzle;nowthat；watchout常考句型makeitpossibleforsb.todosth.(三年5考)(二)重点单词Ⅰ.根据提示，写出下列单词的适当形式1．adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→n．暴力→adv.暴力地；猛烈地2．prep.不同；不像→vt.喜欢prep.相像→_____adj.可能的3．adj.有害的→n．&v．伤害→________adj.无害的4．vi.存在；生存→n．存在；生存violentviolenceviolentlyunlikelikelikelyharmfulharmharmlessexistexistenceⅡ.语境填词5．Areportonamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱)．(violence)6．Thisobjectgivesoffgases.Theymaydo_____toourhealth.Youmustmaketheobjectbeforeyouuseit.(harm)7.Doyoubelieveintheofghost?Perhapstheyonlyinthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)violenceviolentharmfulharmharmlessexistenceexist(三)帮你记单词与“太空”有关的单词除了本单元的astronomer;globe;gravity;satellite外，常见的高频单词还有：1．n.宇航员3．n.行星5．n.宇宙7．vt.发射2.n．轨道4.n.航天飞机6.v.探索；勘探8.adj.太阳的；日光的astronautplanetuniverselaunchorbitshuttleexploresolar(一)写出下列短语的汉语意思1．intime_____2．breakout_______________________________3．givebirthto___________4．inone'sturn_______________5．prevent...from___________6．blockout__________7．cheerup___________________8．watchout_____________________及时(战争，火灾，疾病等的)突然爆发产生；分娩轮到某人；接着阻止；制止挡住(光线)感到高兴，感到振奋密切注视；当心；提防[教材原句]Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)beharmfulto对……有害(2)harmn．&vt.伤害；损害doharmtosb./dosb.harm对某人有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没有害处(3)harmlessadj.无害的harmlessnessn.无害[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]根据英汉提示完成小片段①玩电脑游戏不仅对你的身体健康有害，而且对你的身心健康也有害，因此建议你放弃玩电脑游戏是没有害处的。Playingcomputergameswillnotonlydogreatyourphysicalhealth,butitisalsotoyourmentalhealth.Soadvisingyoutogiveitup.harmtoharmfulthereisnoharminⅡ.[能力题]高考作文高级表达②尽管他们有很多成功之处，但是很多大坝也导致了明显的对环境有害的变化。(2012·湖南WritingSectionA)Despitetheirsuccesses,manydamsalsocausesignificantenvironmentalchanges.thatproveharmful[教材原句]Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了一亿四千多年。(1)existin存在于……中existon靠……生活/生存Thereexists...某地有……(2)existencen.存在；生活inexistence现存的；现有的comeintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]介词填空①Eventhoughheisalittleboy,strangeideasalwaysexisthismind.②Theoldladybecameseriouslyilllastweek,andshehasonlyexistedmilkeversince.③TheImperialPalaceinBeijinghasbeenexistenceformorethan500years.inoninⅡ.[能力题]英汉互译④很久以前地球上存在着体形庞大的动物。_________________________________________________⑤BigBrothersBigSistersorganizationsexistthroughouttheworld.(2012·江西阅读C)_______________________________________Thereexistedhugeanimalsontheearthalongtimeago.“大哥哥大姐姐”俱乐部存在于世界各地。[教材原句]Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pulloff脱(衣、帽等)pullthrough康复；完成；使渡过难关pullon匆忙穿戴(袜子、手套等)pullin进站靠岸；靠边停靠pullaway开动；离开pullout离站；抽出；取出pulldown拆毁；摧毁[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]介、副词填空①Thedriverpulledatthegateofourschool.②DaddyandIranquicklytowardsher,andpulledher.③Thetrainhaspulled，andthepassengersareboardingitnow.④Whetherthebuildingsinthisareashouldbepulled_____hasremainedcontroversial;peoplearestilllookingforotherpossiblesolutions.(2012·湖北多选)upoutindownⅡ.[能力题]句式升级⑤______________________________________________(把练习②改成分词短语作结果状语)⑥________________________________________________(把练习③改成独立主格结构)DaddyandIranquicklytowardsher,pullingherout.Thetrainhavingpulledin,thepassengersareboardingitnow.[教材原句]Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸汽和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。innotime立刻；马上atnotime绝不(放于句首时句子倒装)atatime每次；一次atonetime曾经；一度atthesametime同时fromtimetotime有时；偶尔[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]写出下列句中intime的含义①Andyknewhecouldnotreachthehouseintime.(2010·江西阅读A)____②You'llsucceedintimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.____③Workinghardmadehimsuccessfulintime.____及时迟早终于Ⅱ.[能力题]根据英汉提示完成小片段④我曾一度对滑冰十分痴迷，然而却时而摔在冰面上，但是我知道如果缺乏训练我绝对不会熟练。Igrewcrazyaboutskating.However,Ifellontotheground,butIknewthatIwouldbeskilledifIlackedofpractice.AtonetimefromtimetotimeatnotimeⅢ.[高考单选题]⑤(2012·江苏高考)—ThankGodyou'resafe!—Isteppedback,just________toavoidtheracingcar.A．intimeB．incaseC．inneedD．invain解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：“谢天谢地，你安全了！”“我向后退了一步，正好及时避过了赛车。”intime意为“及时”；incase意为“万一；假使”；inneed意为“需要”；invain意为“徒劳；无济于事”。根据语境可知A项正确。答案：A[教材原句]Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。inturn依次；轮流；反之；反过来byturns轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事Itturns/turnedoutthat...结果[关键一点]byturns是“交替”“轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如表示“按顺序”则应该用inturn。[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]完成句子①我们两个人轮流做家务。①－1Wetwotodothehousework.①－2Wetwodothehousework.②孩子们逐一自报姓名。Thechildrencalledouttheirnames.③这部书时而妙趣横生，时而悲悲戚戚。Thebookis,,funnyandverysad.taketurnsbyturnsinturnbyturnsⅡ：[能力题]高考作文高级表达④结果是(Itturnedoutthat...)她的右腿摔断了，她不得不躺在医院里。(2011·北京书面表达)——————————————————————————————————————————Itturnedoutthatherrightlegwasbrokenandshehadtostayinthehospital.[教材原句]Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来