【新GRE】Argument模板(开头+正文+结尾)整理

开头部分实验结论Inthisargument,thearguerconcludesthat…doing…willleadto…Tosupporttheconclusion,thearguerpointsoutthat…Inaddition,thearguerreasonsthat…Theargumentsuffersfromseveralcriticalfallacies.自己应该干吗根据观察和现象自己改正根据因果Inthisargument,thearguerrecommendsthat…shouldadvise…to…Tojustifythisclaim,thearguerprovidestheevidencethat…Thus…shouldfollowthestudy’srecommendationand…inorderto…自己尝试新方法根据预测和假想Theconclusioninthisargumentisthat…canexpectto…bydoing…Insupportofthisprediction,thearguerclaimsthat…Moreover,thearguerassumesthatthisattempthas…benefits:1)to;2)to;3)to;Thisargumentisfraughtwithvague,oversimplified,andunwarrantedassumptions.换一个供应商Inthisargument,theargueradvocatesthat…should…Thisrecommendationisbasedontheobservationthat…Meanwhile,thearguerassumes…tobeabetterchoice…because…Thisargumentisproblematicfor…reasons.自己应该干吗根据其他州的情况Inthisanalysis,thearguerclaimsthat…should…Tosubstantiatetheconclusion,thearguercitestheexampleof…where…Inaddition,thearguerassumesthat…Thisargumentisunconvincingforseveralcriticalflaws.正文部分Themajorproblemwiththisargumentisthat…Anotherflawthatweakensthisargumentisthat.…Inaddition,thearguerignoresseveralfactorsthatmightunderminetheargument.…thearguerfailstoconsiderseveralotherrelevantfactorsthatmightinfluence…Forinstance…since…what’smore…etc.样本的问题：Whensamplesareusedtomakegeneralclaimsaboutaparticulargroup,thesamplesshouldbecloseenoughintimetothegenerationtheyareusedtosupport,sothathistoricalchangeswillnotinvalidatethegeneralization调查survey的问题：Thesampleofthesurveyconductedbythe…isvague.Butwearetoldnothingaboutthewaythepollwasconductedandhowwellitrepresentedthepublicopinions..（民意测验）Howmanypeopleparticipated?Thesampleofthesurveyisnotrepresentative.数据的问题：（平均值）Thestudyrevealed,onaverage,onlyasmallstatisticalcorrelationbetween（实验的数据不可靠）thedataoftheresearchisunconvincing（样本太小）thesampleistoosmallto...（光数字没比例）theratiooffourtosixthereisonlyfiguresbutnoproportionofthesurvey还是ratio?InsufficientSampleIfthe[respondents]onlystandforatinyproportionofthewhole[group],weshouldnotbesosureabouttheconclusionthat[thewholegroup…]Thearguercommitsafallacyofhastygeneralization.ItwasonlycarriedoutinSunCity,butthearguerappliesitsresulttoallthecompany’smarketswhiledoesn’tshowuswhetherSunCityisarepresentativemarketofthewholemarkets.实验组的人：性别，年龄，生理特征副作用有的病人会对抗生素过敏错误的类比：Buttheproblemisthatthetwosituationsarenotsimilarenoughtojustifytheanalogicaldeduction.错误的比较：Thecomparisoninthisargumentisincompleteandselective.Thearguerdiscoversthat…However,thearguerfailstoprovideanyinformationregarding…respectively…别的因素：Furthermorethearguerignoresthepossibilitythat…may…Unlesstheargueralsotakesthisfactorintoconsideration,thecomparisonisunconvincing.Itisverylikelythat…andhence…variessignificantly.没有因果：Confusingcausalrelationwithcorrelationthearguercommitsafallacyofhastygeneralization.EvenifthemaintenanceoftheairlinehasbeenimprovedasaresultofsendingitsmechanicstotheSeminar,whichis,ofcourse,anunwarrantedassumption,itdoesnotfollowthat就算怎样，也不怎样Finally,thearguerhintsthat…buthefailstoanalyzethecauses.Isitbecause…orbecause…?-----------------------------------------------------------其他：Thefactthat…doesnotnecessarilyimplythat…Firstofall,theargumentisbasedonahastygeneralization.Accordingtothecitedstudies…whichisunderstandable.Itisverylikelythat…andhence…variessignificantly.分析常用：theactualamountoftimefordoing…respectively…Thesurveyisbasedontwoisolatedexamples.Thearguershouldsurveymorehospitalsofbothtypes.HowlargewasthesampleHowmanypeopleparticipated?Whatextentdothisparticipatorsimprovetheir…speed?ThearguerfailstoindicatetheattitudeoftheresidentstotheABC'sperformance.循环假设Thearguercommitsafallacyofbeggingthequestioninassumingthat…结尾部分Tosumup,theconclusionlackscredibilitybecausetheevidencecitedintheanalysisdoesnotlendstrongsupporttowhatthearguermaintains.Tostrengthentheargument,thearguerwouldhavetoprovidemoreevidenceconcerningthepercentageoftheaffectedfamiliesandtheirgeographicaldistribution.Insummary,theconclusionreachedinthisargumentisinvalidandmisleading.Inconclusion,thearguerfailstoestablishacausalrelationshipbetween…Tostrengthentheargument,thearguerwouldhavetoprovideevidencethat…Tobetterevaluatetheargument,wewouldneedmoreinformationabout…Asitstands,theargumentisnotwellreasoned.Tomakeitlogicallyacceptable,thearguerwouldhavetodemonstratethat…istheonlyconditionthat…Additionally,thearguermustprovideevidencetoruleoutotherpossiblecausesofthe…Toconclude,thisargumentisnotpersuasiveasitstands.范文观摩Argument37ThefollowingisamemorandumfromthedirectorofpersonneltothepresidentofGet-AwayAirlines.Sinceourmechanicsareresponsibleforinspectingandmaintainingouraircraft,Get-AwayAirlinesshouldpaytosendthemtotheQuality-CareSeminar,atwo-weekseminaronpropermaintenanceprocedures.Irecommendthisseminarbecauseitislikelytobeawiseinvestment,giventhattheautomobileracingindustryrecentlyreportedthattheperformanceofitsmaintenancecrewsimprovedmarkedlyaftertheircrewshadattendedtheseminar.Thesemaintenancecrewsperformmanyofthesamefunctionsasdoourmechanics,includingrefuelingandrepairingengines.Themo