中考英语复习 被动语态

英语的语态：主动语态和被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）③需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。Theroomhasn'tbeencleanedyet.什么时候要用被动语态呢①不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。Footballisplayedallovertheworld．②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.④当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗户被风吹开了。⑤汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等客观的说明时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse.ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……Itissupposedthat…据推测说……⑥汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．Tina是被Paul叫来的。⑦某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．助动词be＋动词过去分词(根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be的变化是通过人称、数和时态的变化表现出来的，疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。有am,is,are,was,were,been几个形式变化。)被动语态的谓语构成各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词3一般将来时will/begoingto+动词原形will/begoingto+be+过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词6过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/were+being+过去分词7现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词had+been+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词主动语态变被动语态解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语/宾语.bythem.主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语＋谓语＋宾语被动语态:例：Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.（主动）[注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。主语＋＋by+宾语be+过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday（被动）1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.ThesnowmaniscalledMr.Strong.Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom.Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom.Presenttense(am/isare+done)1.LiMingdrivesthebusthroughthecity.Thebus_________byLiMingthroughthecity.2.Theylookafterthechildrenwell.Thechildren_____well__________bythem.3.Thepolicemanstopsusatthestation.We__________bythepolicemanatthestation.4.Hisfathertellsthemastoryeveryday.They_________astoryeveryday.5.Theysellfruiteveryday.Fruit__________by_______everyday.isdrivenarelookedafterarestoppedaretoldissoldthemThebankwasrobbedyesterday.Aman-madesatellitewassentupintospacelastyear.Theshoesweresoldoutyesterday.Theshoeswerenotsoldoutyesterday.Weretheshoessoldoutyesterday?Yes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.被动语态的构成：be+vt.p.p.一般过去时——was／were+v.p.p.Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday.Pasttense(was/were+done)1.LiMingdrovethebusthroughthecity.Thebus_________byLiMingthroughthecity.2.Theylookedafterthechildrenwell.Thechildren_____well__________bythem.3.Thepolicemanstoppedusatthestation.We____________bythepolicemanatthestation.wasdrivenwerelookedafterwerestoppedThiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Yourbookmaybetakenaway.Thesetreesshouldbeplantedatonce.情态动词——aux.v.(must／can／could／may…)+be+v.p.p.被动语态的构成：be+vt.p.pThiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Thiswatchcannotberepaired….Canthiswatchberepairedintwodays?Yes,itcan.No,itcan’t.情态动词的被动语态Hecancarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.ExercisesforPassiveVoice(7)1.Youmustreturnthebookstohimatonce.•Thebooks______________tohimatonce.2.Hecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Thework____________by___intwodays.3.Weshouldcleanthemachineeveryday.Themachine_______________everyday.4.Theymayfixthecarinthreedays.Thecar__________by____inthreedays.5.Shewillbuyanotherbikesoon.Anotherbike__________by___soon.mustbereturnedcanbefinishedhimshouldbecleanedmaybefixedthemwillbeboughther3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.S+will+be+过去分词Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.Futuretensewith“begoingto”begoingto+be+done(10)1.Heisgoingtowritedownthestory.Thestoryisgoingto_______downby___.2.Theyaregoingtobuildthebridge.Thebridgeisgoingto_________bythem.3.Shewasgoingtoreadthebook.Thebookwasgoingto____________by___4.HisbrotherisgoingtospeakEnglishinclass.Englishisgoingto_________byhiminclass.5.YouaregoingtoanswerthephonefromSH.ThephonefromShanghaiisgoingto_______byyou.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.S+am/is/are+being+过去分词Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeetingisbeingheld(bythem)now.Someworkerswerepaintingtheroomsat10:00yesterday．Theroomswerebeingpaintedbysomeworkersat10:00yesterday.S+was/were+being+过去分词Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.S+have/has+been+过去分词Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.have(has)+been+done1.Thedoctorhassavedmanypeople’slives.Manypeople’slives______________bythedoctor.2.Thedustmenhaven’tcollectedtherubbish.Therubbish__________________bythedustmenyet.3.Theyhavesoldoutthemag