旋成体仿生凹环表面减阻试验分析及数值模拟

371吉林大学学报(工学版)Vol.37No.120071JournalofJilinUniversity(EngineeringandTechnologyEdition)Jan.2007:20060426.:(2005DFA00850);863(2003AA305080);(2005183064);(200407021).:(1976),,.:.Email:[e-mail]:(1944),,,.:.Email:[e-mail]张成春1,任露泉1,王晶2(1.吉林大学地面机械仿生技术教育部重点实验室,长春130022;2.吉林大学农学部,长春130062):通过风洞试验及数值模拟分析了置于旋成体后部的凹环表面结构对其底部阻力摩擦阻力及激波阻力的影响马赫数为1.79基于旋成体最大直径的雷诺数为1.5!106的风洞试验表明:凹环表面可显著减小旋成体的底部阻力,但却增大了包含摩擦阻力和激波阻力的粘性前部阻力利用SSTk湍流模型对试验优选模型进行了数值模拟,结果表明:凹环内部低速旋转气流产生的涡垫效应和推动效应致使旋成体的摩擦阻力减小了22.4%,凹环还能减弱外部气流对旋成体截尾底部死水区的抽吸作用,显著降低了底部阻力但由于凹环对气流的扰动增加了激波阻力,故包含底部阻力及激波阻力的压差阻力减小并不显著,仅为0.4%:工程仿生学;减阻;风洞试验;数值模拟;SSTk湍流模型;旋成体:TB17:A:16715497(2007)01010006ExperimentandnumericalsimulationondragreductionforbodiesofrevolutionusingbionicscrobiculateringedsurfaceZhangChengchun1,RenLuquan1,WangJing2(1.KeyLaboratoryforTerrainMachineBionicsEngineering,MinistryofEducation,JilinUniversity,Changchun130022,China;2.CollegeofAgriculture,JilinUniversity,Changchun130062,China)Abstract:Theeffectsofthescrobiculateringsarrangedontherearwardofbodiesofrevolutiononthebasedrag,skinfrictiondragandshockwavedragwereinvestigatedthroughwindtunneltestsandnumericalsimulation.ThewindtunneltestswithMa=1.79,andtheRe=1.5!106basedonthemaximaldiameterofthebodyindicatthatthescrobiculateringedsurfacecanreducethebasedragevidently,butitincreasestheviscousforebodydragincludingtheskinfrictiondragandshockwavedrag.ThenumericalsimulationwithSSTkturbulencemodelshowsthatthescrobiculateringedsurfacereducestheviscousdragby22.4%duetothevortexcushioningeffectanddrivingeffectproducedbythelowspeedrotatingflowsformedintherings.Thescrobiculateringsalsoweakenthepumpingactionoftheexternalflowonthebasedeadwaterregionbehindthebodyofrevolution,andaccordinglythebasedragisreduced.However,theringsonlyreducethepressuredragby0.4%becausetheringsdisturbtheexternalflowandincreasetheshockwavedrag.Keywords:engineeringbionics;dragreduction;windtunneltest;numericalsimulation;SSTk第1期张成春,等:旋成体仿生凹环表面减阻试验分析及数值模拟turbulencemodel;bodyofrevolution,,,[1],[2],,[3],[4,5],Lim[6],1.2!105,9%;Bearman[7],4!104~3!105,;[8],1.2,1.4!106,3%,,,,11.1FD06,,,0.6m,0.6m,1.575mM622GI*BC,11Fig.1SchematicdiagramofmeasurementsystemX∀,XbXb=(p-pc)Sb(1):p;pc;X∀1X∀1=X∀-Xb(2)CATCAB,CAT=X∀qS(3)CAB=XbqS=(p-pc)SbqS(4):Sb;q;S,dsDb=ds/Db=0.380.4(5)[9]CAFCAF=X∀1qS=CAT-CAB(6)D[11]bloc=AM/AT#1.1%(7):AM;AT(7)D#0.071mL(8)[11]L#0.7L1=0.7HMa2-1=0.356(8):L1,m;H;Ma,1.792,70.2mm316.5mm,2Fig.2Maindimensionsofbodyofrevolution,,45#∃101∃吉林大学学报(工学版)第37卷7,0.8,,-2%-1%0%1%2%3%,5,6,1,5,,,CABCAF&0.0015,11Table1ParametersofflowqualityMaMaReD1.790.0111.5!1061.2hr!=sr/hr∀=lr/srLr,5,2,32Table2Factorleveltablehr!∀Lr10.9438021.5226031.23.51.52040.63110050.32.52.5403Fig.3Dimensionsandparametersofscrobiculateringedsurface1.3(),RX=CXs-CXrCXs!100%(9):RX;CXr;CXs4~6,,4,,-2%,121.7%,6.3%6.8%,30%,70%4Fig.4Viscousforebodydragreductionrate5Fig.5Basedragreductionrate6Fig.6Totaldragreductionrate∃102∃第1期张成春,等:旋成体仿生凹环表面减阻试验分析及数值模拟,,2,FLUENT6.1,ANSYSICEMCFD10.0,33Table3Scrobiculateringedsurfaceparametersofcomputationalmodelhr!=sr/hr∀=lr/srLr1.523952.1#(∃%)#t+div(∃u∋%)=div(&%grad%)+S%(10):%,uvwT;&%;S%,%&%S%,4(10)4Table4ConcretetermsofgoverningequationsofflowforacompressibleNewtonianfluid%&%S%100∋i∋-#p#xi+SiTk/cSTSST(shearstresstransport)kSSTkk[12],[13],k(11)(12),[14]d(∃k)dt=(ij#ui#xj-)*∃k+##xj(∋+∗k∋t)#k#xj(11)d(∃)dt=+∃∋i(ij#ui#xj-)∃2+##xj(∋+∗∋t)##xj+2∃(1-F1)∗21#k#xj##xj(12):(ij,(ij#ui#xj=∋tS2ij-23#uk#xk2-23∃k#uk#xk(13):SijF1F2:F1=tanh(arg41),F2=tanh(arg22)(14)arg1=minmaxk0.09y,500∋∃y2,4∃k∗2CDky2(15)arg2=max2k0.09y,500∋∃y2(16)CDk=max2∃∗21#k#xj##xj,10-20(17)∋t∋t=∃a1kmax(a1,,F2)(18):%=F1%1+(1-F1)%2(19):%1k;%2kk∗k1=0.85,∗1=0.5,)1=0.0750,+=)1)*-∗1K2)*,K=0.41,)*=0.09,a1=0.31k∗k2=1.0,∗2=0.856,)2=0.0828,+=)2)*-∗2K2)*,K=0.41,)*=0.092.2,15Rm!10L(Rm,L),:;0.1mm;,7,,99855.7Pa,1.79,299.6K,0%2.35.4%,,∃103∃吉林大学学报(工学版)第37卷,,(9),2.6%,22.4%,0.4%7Fig.7Computationalgridofscrobiculateringedsurfaceandexternalflowfield38,,,9,8Fig.8Contoursofpressurecoefficientplottedforscrobiculateringedsurface,10,,:(,,;),,111213,,9Fig.9Internalflowfieldinscrobiculateringsandvelocityvectorplottedforflowfieldoverscrobiculateringssruface10Fig.10Contoursofvelocityplottedforexternalflowfieldoverscrobiculateringedsurface11Fig.11Contoursofskinfrictioncoefficientplottedforscrobiculateringedsurface,,,,∃104∃第1期张成春,等:旋成体仿生凹环表面减阻试验分析及数值模拟12Fig.12Contoursofpressureplottedforexternalflowfieldofsmoothmodel13Fig.13Contourofpressureplottedforexternalflowfieldscrobiculateringedmodel4(1),Ma=1.79,,(2),22.4%,0.4%,2.6%:,,,,,,:[1]GaddlHakM.Flowcontrol[J].AppliedMechanicsReviews,1989,42(10):261293.[2]LimHeeChang,LeeSangJon.Flowcontrolofcircularcylinderswithlongitudinalgroovedsurfaces[J].AIAAJ,2002,40(10):20272036.[3]ChoiKS.Nearwallstructuresofaturbulentboundarylayerwithriblets[J].JFluidMech,1989,208:417458.[4]WalshMJ,SellersWL,McGinleyCB.Ribletdragatflightconditions[J].JournalofAircraft,1989,26(6):570575.[5]BechertDW,BruseM,HageW.Experimentswiththreedimensionalribletsasanidealizedmodelofsharkskin[J].ExpFluids,2000,28:403412.[6]LimHeeChang,LeeSa