高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

1虚拟语气用法总结大全一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+助动词的过去式（were,did,had）主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.与将来事实相反的假设①If+主语+动词过去式②If+主语+wereto+动词原形③If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.二．虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常见的这类动词有:ask要求,advise,beg,suggest建议,command命令,demand要求，request请求,insist,require要求,order下令,propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer宁愿,permit,persuade,expect,decide决定,instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint等等Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetheclassroom.老师建议我们不要离开教室。Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他坚持她马上就做。在Itis/was+上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.我建议我们明早动身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoff在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类形容词有:necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative等Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要参加会议。Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必须按时到达那儿。在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that从句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.2三．虚拟语气的其他用法在wish后面的宾语从句中对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时IwishIwerealittleyounger.对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语用过去完成时(haddone)或“would/could+现在完成时”IwishIhadbeenthere.IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形”Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.在ifonly感叹句中表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(将来)IfonlyIweretaller.(现在)IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!(过去)在asif/asthough引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时Ireallydon’tlikethewayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时Hekepttellinguswhathadhappenedasifhehadbeentherehimself.有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.在wouldrather结构中wouldratherdosth.表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.wouldratherhavedonesth.表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.wouldrathersb.Did表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事”Don’tcometomorrow.I’dratheryoucamenextweekend.wouldrathersb.haddone表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.在Itis(about,high)time+(that)从句中从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。Itishightimethatwebegantowork.错综时间条件句如果条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：IfIIfyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegecollegestudentnow.省IF省略句在条件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，变成倒装句式IfIIfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthebus.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.3一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中1.—Ifthetraffichadn'tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o'clock.—Whatapity!Tina______heretoseeyou.(2005湖南)A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen2.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI______inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.(2002上海)A.wouldn'thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall3.Hehesitated（犹豫）foramomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe______agoal.(2001上海春)A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored4.Youdidn'tletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.(NMET96)A.drove;didn'tgetB.drove;wouldn'tgetC.weredriving;wouldn'tgetD.haddriven;wouldn'thavegot5.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe______,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(1994全国)A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome6.-----Ifhe__________,he__________thatfood.------Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.(MET93)A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;wouldnothavetakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken7.Ifit_____forthesnow,we_____themountainyesterday.(MET91)A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldclimbC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb8.Withoutelectricityhumanlife____quitedifferenttoday.(MET91)A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe11.---Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.---Iit,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.(福建34’)A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended12.I_______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(陕西22’)A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone13.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.(天津15’)A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome14.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butIfullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was16.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamounttimeandenergy.（2010浙江）A.wouldhavebeensavedB.ha