您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 资本运营 > 高中英语语法_非谓语动词_讲解及其练习题2 (1)
1高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解及其练习题二、非谓语动词用法:(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。2.不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语:Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+todo。2、Ittakessb.+sometime+todo。3、It+be+形容词+ofsb+todo。4It+be+形容词+forsb.+todo。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。(2)作表语:Herjobistocleanthehall.(3)作宾语:口诀决心学会想希望,decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish拒绝设法愿假装;refuse,manage,care,pretend主动答应选计划,offer/order,promise,choose,plan,同意请求帮一帮。agree,ask/beg,help如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.(4)作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:Withalotofworktodo,hedidn'tgotothecinema.有些动词如在使役动词make,have,let和感官动词see,watch,notice,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等词后接不定式作宾补,不定式不带to,表示做某事的全过程。当他们转换成被动语态时,作为主语补足语的不定式必须带to(五看三使两听一感觉)但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to,如:Isawhimcrosstheroad.2Hewasseentocrosstheroad.(5)作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:①动宾关系:Ihaveameetingtoattend.注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.Whatdidyouopenitwith?如果不定式修饰time,place,way,可以省略介词:Hehasnoplacetolive.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:Haveyougotanythingtosend?Haveyougotanythingtobesent?②说明所修饰名词的内容:Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:当名词被first,last,second以及only等词修饰时,其后可用不定式作定语。且充当定语的不定式不含有将来意义或情态意义,却经常含有过去时意义。Shewasthefirsttocome.(6)作状语:①表目的:Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:wrong:Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right:Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.wrong:TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.right:TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.②表结果:Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调:Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.③表原因:Theywereverysadtohearthenews.④表程度:It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.(7)作独立成分:Totellyouthetruth,Idon'tlikethewayhetalked.(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。3Ifyoudon'twanttodoit,youdon'tneedto.掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题1.“to”是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to都是介词。agreetoobjecttocloseto,cometo,leadto,referto,equalto,similarto,pointto,thankto,devoteto,nextto,belongto,beusedto,lookforwardtoapply---to2.带to还是不带toIhavenochoicebuttogiveinIcannotdoanythingbutgivein3.动词不定式逻辑主语是由for作为标记的。但是有时用of.区别:当使用for时,句中形容词修饰的是不定式;而用of时,句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。It’snecessaryforyoutostudyhard.(necessary修饰tostudyhard,表示学习努力是有必要的)It’sfoolishofhimtodoit.(foolish修饰逻辑主语him)与of连用的形容词有:good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,…与for连用的通常是一些表示可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形容词:possible,impossible,easy,hard,difficult,necessary,…需4.不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况:若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make,let,have(表示“让、使”)、感官动词see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,hear,listento,feel时,不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀:“三使五看两听一感觉”。例如:Let's(to)go!走吧!Hesawthethief(to)stealalady’scellphone.注:改为被动句时要把to还原,例如:Thethiefwasseentostealalady’scellphone.5.不定式的省略。下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到to。wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,oughtto,needto,usedto,beableto6.作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:①动宾关系:Ihaveameetingtoattend.我有一个会议要出席。注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.他找到了一个居住的好房子。Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.这个孩子无忧无虑。Whatdidyouopenitwith?你用什么打开它?如果不定式修饰time,place,way,可以省略介词:4Hehasnoplacetolive.他无处安身。Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.这是解决这个问题的最好办法。如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:Haveyougotanythingtosend?你要送什么东西吗?Haveyougotanythingtobesent?你有什么东西需要送吗?②说明所修饰名词的内容:Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.我们制定了一个完成工作的计划。③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:Heisthefirsttogethere.他第一个来到这儿。7疑问词+动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.做主语、宾语、表语,还可以做定语。(why和if后不能直接跟动词不定式)Hedidn’tknowhowtoanswerher.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idon’tknowwhotoaskadvicefrom.Wouldyoupleaseadvisemewhichtobuy?Pleaseexplain(tome)wheretobeginandhowtodoit.8to可以省的情况1.在下列固定词组或短语之后要跟不带to的不定式hadbetter…hadbest…wouldrather…(than…)wouldsooner…than…cannothelpbutcannotbutcannotchoosebut..may/mightaswell…donomorethan…2介词but,except,besides,than,等表示“除了…”之意的词前,若有实义动词do时,常用无to的不定式作其介词的宾语,若无实义动词do,则用带to的动词不定式。Hewasnotabletodoanythingbut/exceptwait.Hehadnochoicebuttogivein.xchangedviewsonthequestionofwhomtoelect.why或whynot开头的省略型疑问句中,其后可跟不带to的不定式。如:Whygetupsetjustbecauseyougotabadmark?Youarelookingtired.Whynottakeaholiday?Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.9某些动词后,可用it做形式宾语,然后加宾语补足语,最后加不定式作真正的并于。常见的动词有find,thinkconsider,feel,make等。Theyfinditdifficulttorepaythemoney.10help后,做宾补和宾语的不定式符号to带不带都可以。如;5Hehelpedherwalkacrossthestreet.Heoftenhelpsdosomehouseworkathome.11固定用法综合:sotospeak可以说,可谓tobeexact精确地说tobesure无可否认,诚然tomakethings(matters)worseThedogis,sotospeak,amemberofthefamily.He
本文标题:高中英语语法_非谓语动词_讲解及其练习题2 (1)
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-6015331 .html