F436-04-ASTM

Designation:F436–04StandardSpecificationforHardenedSteelWashers1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF436;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope*1.1Thisspecificationcoversthechemical,mechanical,anddimensionalrequirementsforhardenedsteelwashersforusewithfastenershavingnominalthreaddiametersof1⁄4through4in.Thesewashersareintendedforgeneral-purposemechani-calandstructuralusewithbolts,nuts,studs,andotherinternallyandexternallythreadedfasteners.ThesewashersaresuitableforusewithfastenerscoveredinSpecificationsA325,A354,A449,andA490.1.2Thewashersaredesignatedbytypedenotingthemate-rialandbystyledenotingtheshape.1.2.1Thetypesofwasherscoveredare:1.2.1.1Type1—Carbonsteel.1.2.1.2Type3—Weatheringsteel.AtmosphericcorrosionresistanceandweatheringcharacteristicsarecomparabletothatofsteelscoveredinSpecificationsA588/A588MandA709/A709M.Theatmosphericcorrosionresistanceofthesesteelsissubstantiallybetterthanthatofcarbonsteelwithorwithoutcopperaddition.See5.1.Whenproperlyexposedtotheatmosphere,thesesteelscanbeusedbare(uncoated)formanyapplications.1.2.2Thestylesofwasherscoveredare:1.2.2.1Circular—Circularwashersinnominalboltsizes1⁄4through4in.suitableforapplicationswheresufficientspaceexistsandangularitypermits.1.2.2.2Beveled—Beveledwashersaresquareorrectangu-lar,innominalsizes1⁄2through11⁄2in.,withabeveled1to6ratiosurfaceforusewithAmericanstandardbeamsandchannels.1.2.2.3Clipped—Clippedwashersarecircularorbeveledforusewherespacelimitationsnecessitatethatonesidebeclipped.NOTE1—AcompletemetriccompaniontoSpecificationF436hasbeendeveloped—SpecificationF436M;thereforenometricequivalentsarepresentedinthisspecification.1.2.2.4ExtraThick—Extrathickwashersarecircularwash-ersinnominalsizes1⁄2through11⁄2in.,withanominalthicknessof5⁄16in.suitableforstructuralapplicationswithoversizedholes.1.3TermsusedinthisspecificationaredefinedinTermi-nologyF1789unlessotherwisedefinedherein.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:2A153/A153MSpecificationforZincCoating(Hot-Dip)onIronandSteelHardwareA325SpecificationforStructuralBolts,Steel,HeatTreated,120/105ksiMinimumTensileStrengthA354SpecificationforQuenchedandTemperedAlloySteelBolts,Studs,andOtherExternallyThreadedFasten-ersA449SpecificationforQuenchedandTemperedSteelBoltsandStudsA490SpecificationforStructuralBolts,AlloySteel,HeatTreated,150ksiMinimumTensileStrengthA588/A588MSpecificationforHigh-StrengthLow-AlloyStructuralSteelwith50ksi[345MPa]MinimumYieldPointto4in.[100mm]ThickA709/A709MSpecificationforCarbonandHigh-StrengthLow-AlloyStructuralSteelShapes,Plates,andBarsandQuenched-and-TemperedAlloyStructuralSteelPlatesforBridgesA751TestMethods,Practices,andTerminologyforChemicalAnalysisofSteelProductsB695SpecificationforCoatingsofZincMechanicallyDepositedonIronandSteelD3951PracticeforCommercialPackagingF606TestMethodsforDeterminingtheMechanicalProp-ertiesofExternallyandInternallyThreadedFasteners,Washers,andRivetsF1789TerminologyforF16MechanicalFasteners1ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF16onFastenersandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF16.02onSteelBolts,Nuts,Rivets,andWashers.CurrenteditionapprovedAug.1,2004.PublishedAugust2004.Originallyapprovedin1976.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2003asF436–03.2ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.1*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandard.Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.G101GuideforEstimatingtheAtmosphericCorrosionResistanceofLow-AlloySteels3.OrderingInformation3.1Ordersforhardenedsteelwashersunderthisspecifica-tionshallincludethefollowing:3.1.1ASTMdesignationandyearofissue,3.1.2Quantity(numberofpiecesbysize),3.1.3TypeandStyle(see1.2.1and1.2.2),3.1.4ZincCoating—Specifythezinccoatingprocessre-quired,forexample,hot-dip,mechanicallydeposited,ornopreference(see4.3),3.1.5Dimensions,nominalsize,andotherdimensions,ifmodifiedfromthosecoveredinthisspecification,3.1.6Specifyifinspectionatpointofmanufactureisre-quired,3.1.7Specifyifmanufacturer’scertificationortestreports,orboth,arerequired,and3.1.8Specialrequirements.4.MaterialsandManufacture4.1Steelusedinthemanufactureofwashersshallbeproducedbytheopen-hearth,basic-oxygen,orelectric-furnaceprocess.4.2Washersuptoandincluding11⁄2in.inboltsizeshallbethroughhardened.Washersover11⁄2in.maybeeitherthroughhardenedorcarburizedattheoptionofthemanufacturer.4.3ZincCoatings,Hot-DipandMechanicallyDeposited:4.3.1Whenzinc-coatedwashersarerequired,thepurchasershallspecifythezinccoatingprocess,forexample,hot-dip,mechanicallydeposited,ornopreference.4.3.2Whenhot-dipisspecifiedthewashersshallbezinccoatedbythehot-dipprocessinaccordancewiththerequire-mentsofClassCofSpecifi