脑解剖专有名词

1Centralnervoussystem(CNS)中枢神经系统Peripheralnervoussystem(PNS)周围神经系统Brain脑Telencephalon端脑Diencephalon间脑Cerebellum小脑Brainstem脑干Midbrain中脑Pons脑桥Medullaoblongata延髓Spinalcord脊髓Cranial(12pairs)脑神经Spinal(31pairs)脊神经Visceral内脏神经Sympatheticpart交感神经Parasympatheticpart副交感神经Neurons神经元Cellbody胞体Axon轴突Dendrites树突Neuroglia－glialcell胶质细胞Bipolarneuron双极神经元Pseudounipolarneuron假单极神经元Multipolarneuron多极神经元Sensory(efferent)neuron感觉神经元Motor(afferent)neuron运动神经元Associationneuron联络神经元Graymatter灰质Cortex皮质Whitematter白质Medulla髓质Nucleus神经核Fasciculus纤维束Reticularformation网状结构Ganglion神经节Nerve神经Centralsulcus中央沟Lateralsulcus外侧沟Parietooccipitalsulcus顶枕沟Frontallobe额叶Parietallobe顶叶Temporallobe颞叶Occipitallobe枕叶Insularlobe岛叶Precentralsulcus中央前沟Superiorfrontalsulcus额上沟Inferiorfrontalsulcus额下沟Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus额上回Middlefrontalgyrus额中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus额下回Postcentralsulcus中央后沟Postcentralgyrus中央后回Intraparietalsulcus顶内沟Superiorparietallobule顶上小叶Inferiorparietallobule顶下小叶Supramarginalgyrus缘上回Angulargyrus角回Superiortemporalsulcus颞上沟Inferiortemporalsulcus颞下沟Superiortemporalgyrus颞上回Middletemporalgyrus颞中回Inferiortemporalgyrus颞下回Transversetemporalgyri颞横回2Corpuscallosum胼胝体Callosalsulcus胼胝体沟Cingulategyrus扣带回Cingulatesulcus扣带沟Marginalramus缘支Paracentrallobule中央旁小叶Calcarinesulcus距状沟Cuneus楔叶Lingualgyrus舌回Olfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束Olfactorytrigone嗅三角Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿质Collateralsulcus侧副沟Occipitotemporalsulcus枕颞沟Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞内侧回Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞外侧回Hippocampalsulcus海马沟Parahippocampalgyrus海马旁回Uncus钩Hippocampus海马Dentategyrus齿状回Hippocampalformation海马结构Archicortex原皮质(hippocampalformation海马结构)Paleocortex古皮质(rhinencephalon嗅脑)Neocortex新皮质(mostofcerebralcortex)Vestibulararea平衡觉区Olfactoryarea嗅觉区Tastearea味觉区Motorspeecharea运动性语言中枢Writingarea书写中枢Auditoryspeecharea听觉性语言中枢Visualspeecharea视觉性语言中枢Lateralventricle侧脑室Corpusstriatum纹状体Lentiformnucleus豆状核（Globuspallidus苍白球——paleostriatum旧纹状体；putamen壳）Caudatenucleus尾状核——Neostriatum新纹状体Claustrum屏状核Amygdaloidbody杏仁体Associationfibers联络纤维Cerebralarcuatefibers大脑弓状纤维Superiorlongitudinalfasciculi上纵束Inferiorlongitudinalfasciculi下纵束Uncinatefasciculus钩束Cingulum扣带Commissuralfibers连合纤维Corpuscallosum胼胝体Anteriorcommissure前连合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆连合Projectionfibers投射纤维Anteriorlimbofinternalcapsule内囊前肢Genuofinternalcapsule内囊膝Posteriorlimbofinternalcapsule内囊后肢Limbicsystem边缘系统