(超详细)人教版高中英语选修八第四单元8-4

Pygmalion心理学家莫顿（RobertMerton）将此现象名之为“自我实现的预言”。这也就是在萧伯纳名剧《窈窕淑女》(MyFairLady)中为人所熟知的“皮格马利翁效应”（Pygmalioneffect）。Haveyoueverheardofthe“PygmalionEffect”?ThePygmalionEffectisthatpeopletendtobehaveasyouexpecttheywill.Ifyouexpectapersontotakeresponsibility,theyprobablywill.Ifyouexpectthemnottoeventry,theyprobablywon’t.“皮格玛利翁效应”留给我们这样一个启示：赞美、信任和期待具有一种能量，它能改变人的行为，当一个人获得另一个人的信任、赞美时，他便感觉获得了社会支持，从而增强了自我价值，变得自信、自尊，获得一种积极向上的动力，并尽力达到对方的期待，以避免对方失望，从而维持这种社会支持的连续性。ThisplaybyGeorgeBernardShaw(萧伯纳)isanadaptationofaGreekstory.Doyouknowthisstory?Pygmalion,agiftedartist,makesastonestatueofabeautifulwoman.HeaskstheGreekGoddesstobringhertolife.Hiswishisgranted同意,准予.1.adaptation:改编本；适应性这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。动物对环境的适应是相当慢的。常用结构：adaptationto对……的适应Theadaptationofanimalstotheenvironmentisratherslow.Theplayisanadaptationofashortnovel.联想拓展adaptvt.使适应(合)；修改,改编vi.(to)适应adaptoneselfto使适应；使适合①Hetriedhardtohimself(使自己适应)thenewconditions.②Hemadeaquick(适应)thenewenvironment.③WhentheymovedtoCanada,thechildren(适应)thechangeverywell.adaptadaptedadaptationtotoMyFairLadyHaveyouseenthefilm?Ifyouhave,didyoulikeit?Haveadiscussionandgivereasons.Pre-readingElizaDoolittle(E):apoorflowergirlwhoisambitioustoimproveherself.ProfessorHiggins(H):anexpertinphonetics,convincedthatthequalityofaperson’sEnglishdecideshis/herpositioninsociety.ColonelPickering(P):anofficerinthearmyandlaterafriendofHiggins’whosetshimatask.MaincharactersCharacterPositioninsocietyEvidenceintheplayElizaLowerclassLanguage:callsgentleman“sir”and“cap’in”(orcaptain)whichisacomplimentBehaviour:respectfultopeopleofhigherclassComprehendingCharacterPositioninsocietyEvidenceintheplayHenryHigginsLanguage:callsEliza“yousillygirl”andPickering“mydearman”(anequalandfriend)Behaviour:rude(andpatronizing)tolowerclass;politetosameorupperclassMiddleclasskind,polite,generous,enthusiastic,eager,confidentimpatient,rude,confident,superior,self-importantanxious,eager,emotional,ambitious,unsure1.ProfessorHiggins(H):anexpertinphonetics,convincedthatthequalityofaperson’sEnglishdecideshis/herpositioninsociety.希金斯教授是一位语音学专家,他认为一个人的英语水平决定了他(她)的社会地位。Languagepointsconvincevt.说服;使相信;①Weconvincedhimtogobytrainratherthanplane.我们说服了他坐火车去,不要搭飞机。②Itriedtoconvincemywifethatwecan’taffordanewcar.我试图说服我妻子我们买不起新车。convincedadj.convincingadj.坚信的;意志坚定的令人心服的Convincesb.Convincesb.that-clauseConvincesb.todosthConvincesb.ofsthBeconvincedofsth./that-clause使某人相信..说服某人说服某人做某事某人确信使某人相信某事他使我相信他是无辜的Heconvincedmeofhisinnocence.2.ColonelPickering(P):anofficerinthearmyandlaterafriendofHiggins’whosetshimatask.皮克林上校(简称P):陆军军官,后来成为希金斯的朋友。希金斯给他安排了一项任务。▲officer与officialofficer主要用于指军官,也可指公司或政府机构中的高级职员;official指政府内的文职官员,用作形容词时指“官方的,正式的”。①Theliveatheadquartersandthesoldiersliveinthecamps.军官住在总部,士兵住在军营。②Thepresidentandhisministersaregovernment.总统和部长为政府高级官员。officersofficials▲set(1)vt.安排;布置(岗哨);定(时间、标准)；创造(记录);专心于①Setguardsaroundthegate.在大门四周布下卫兵。②Thetimeanddateofthemeetinghavenotyetbeenset.开会时间与日期尚未确定。③Hesetanewrecord.他创下了一项新记录。④Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.世上无难事,只怕有心人。(2)vt.使……做某事;使……处于某种状态⑤Iopenedthecageandsetthebirdfree.我把鸟笼打开,让鸟自由飞翔。⑥Asparksetthewoodsonfine.星星之火使整个森林燃烧起来。(3)vi.(日、月等)下落；下沉⑦Itwillbecoolerwhenthesunhasset.日落后天就会凉爽起来。(4)n.一套，一组；电器设备⑧IboughtasetofLuXun’sshortstories.我买了一套鲁迅短篇小说集。⑨Ineedaradioset.我需要一台收音机。setoffsetoutsetaboutsetupsetsb.goodexample出发,动身出发,着手开始,着手建立,成立为某人树立好榜样It’stenyearssincethescientist___onhislifeworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical.(2004·江苏)A.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turnedup3.Whilewatching,hemakesnotes.他一边观察,一边做笔记。▲whilewatching为whilehewaswatching省略句。在以when,while,if,unless等引导的状语从句中,如果从句中的主语与主句主语一致且从句谓语动词含有be动词的形式,往往将从句中的主语及be动词省略,而以动词的-ing形式或过去分词形式来代替。Afterbeingdiscussed,theplanshouldbecarriedoutatonce.计划讨论后,应立即实施。Whilecrossingthestreet,lookoutforcarspassingby.过马路时,小心过路车辆。1)When_____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeoffered80D.offered2)While______theriver,hesawabigcrocodile.A.tocrossB.crossingC.crossD.crossed3)-What’sthematterwithyou?-_____thewindow,myfingerwascutunexpectedly.A.CleaningB.TocleanC.WhilecleaningD.WhileIwascleaning4.hesitate:犹豫，迟疑，踌躇；常做不及物动词，可与介词about/over/at连用；也可接动词不定式。表示对做某事有顾虑。Hesitation:n.Shehesitatedbeforereplying.她犹豫了一下才作答。对于送儿子上大学这件事，他仍然犹豫。Heisstillhesitatingabout/over/atsendinghissontocollege.如果你想要更多资料，尽管和我联系。Pleasedonothesitatetocontactmeifyouneedmoreinformation.5.Iain’tdonenothingwrongbyspeakingtothatgentleman.我跟那位先生说话,又没做什么坏事呀。▲ain’t是不规范的语言,相当于amnot,isnot,hasnot,havenot.①Weain’tcoming.我们不来了。②Theyain’tgotit.他们没有那玩意儿。6.Hereyouare(handsoverthepapercoveredwithwriting).给你(他把写满字的纸递过来)▲handover移交;让与；交给某人照料①Thecaptainwasunwillingtohandoverthecommandofhisship.船长不愿移交军舰的指挥权。②Thethiefwashandedovertothepoliceman.小偷被交给警察处理。handdown传给handon传递handsup举手handout分给,分发Itiscertainthathewill____hisbusinesstohissonwhenhegetsold.A.takeoverB.thinkoverC.handoverD.goover▲coveredwithwriting为过去分词短语作后置定语,相当于定语从句which/thatiscoveredwithwriting.①Theconcertgivenbyhimwasagreatsuccess.由他举行的音乐会很成功。②ThefirsttextbooksteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe18thcentury.最早为外语教师而写的英语课本