Lesson 7 Lubrication System

动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentWuhanInstituteofShipbuildingTechnologyPowerEngineeringDepartmentLuobin动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentLesson7LubricationSystem第7课润滑系统动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentDutiesofalubricant润滑剂(油)的功用动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thesuccessfuloperationofanyengineormachineanditstroublefreelife(无故障使用寿命)dependsoneffectivelubricationwhichinvolvestheformationandmaintenanceofalubricatingoilfilm（润滑油膜）betweenthemovingparts（运动部件）.•任何发动机或机器的良好工作及无故障运行期取均决于有效的润滑，包括机器运动部件之间润滑油膜的形成和维持。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Themarinedieselengine（船用柴油机）isnoexceptionandconsiderablethoughthasgoneintotheproblemofthelubricationofitsmanypartswiththeirwidelyvaryingoperatingconditions（工作条件）.•船用柴油机也不例外，人们对其在各种不同的工作条件下众多零部件的润滑问题，动了许多脑筋。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Inadditionto（除了…以外）providinglubricatingfilms（润滑油膜）,oilsusedinmarinedieselengines（船用柴油机）havetoremoveheatfromoilcooledpistons（油冷活塞）,neutralize(中和)acidicproducts（酸性产物）ofcombustion,cleansehotmovingparts（运动部件）ofcarbonaceous（含碳的）deposits（沉淀物）,resist（抗）oxidation(氧化)andwashaway（冲走，带走）weardetritus(磨屑).•船用柴油机所使用的滑油除了供形成油膜外，还必须从油冷活塞中带走热量，中和燃烧所产生的酸性产物，清洗掉热的运动部件上的积炭，抗氧化并带走磨屑。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thedevelopmentofoilshaskeptpacewith(与…保持同步)theincreasingdemandsmadebythesteadyriseinpowersproducedbymodernmarinediesels（现代船用柴油机）.•滑油的发展同现代船用柴油机功率的稳定提高所提出的不断增加的要求保持同步。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Theselectionofanoilfromthecommerciallyavailable（市场上供应的）rangedependstoagreatextent（在很大程度上）ontheoperatingconditions（工作条件）,thedesignoftheengineandthetypeoffueltobeburned.•选择市场上供应的滑油在很大程度上取决于发动机的工作条件、设计状况，以及所用燃油的种类。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Largemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsoflubrication:•大型十字头式船用柴油机一般有两种润滑系统：•atotallosssystem(全损系统)feedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystem（循环系统）lubricatingtherunninggear（运动部件）andcoolingthepistons.•供给气缸润滑的全损系统和用于润滑运动部件及冷却活塞的循环系统。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Cylinderoilsystem•气缸油系统动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Temperaturesinthecylinderarenaturallyhigh,thoughonlythecylindercombustionspace(燃烧室)andpistoncrown(活塞头)aresubjectedto（承受）actualflametemperatures（火焰温度）.•虽然只有气缸燃烧室和活塞头直接承受实际的火焰温度，但是气缸内的温度确实很高。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thepistonrings（活塞环）exert（vt.施加）avaryingpressureonthelinerwalls（缸壁）underconditionsinvolvingrapidlychangingspeedandreversal（反向）ofdirectionofmotion.•在运动速度和运动方向迅速变化的条件下，活塞环对缸壁施加的压力不断变化。•cylinderliner气缸套•cylinderwall气缸壁•speedofmotion运动速度•directionofmotion运动方向动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Oilissuppliedtothecylinderliner（气缸套）wallandthepistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricators（机械注油器）givingacarefully（精确地）controlledoilfeed,throughinjectors（注油器）orquills(注油针),andinsomedesignsitistimedsothat（以便）theoilimpinges(注射到)onlyonthepistonringbelt（活塞环带）,thusensuringthemostefficientlubrication（最佳润滑）.•滑油通过机械注油器经注油器或注油针供入气缸壁及活塞环，并精确控制注油量。并且，在某些类型中，注油是定时的，以便滑油只射到活塞环带上，从而保证最佳润滑。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentCylinderlinerPistonPistonringQuill注油针Belt环带动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartmentInjectorHydraulicmotorCamshaftGearpumpLubricationoil动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thefilmsofoil（油膜）betweentherings（活塞环）andtheliner（缸套）andbetweentherings（活塞环）andthegrooves（环槽）inthepistonarenotonlyessential（必要的）forlubricationbutalsoplayanimportantpartin（对…起重要作用）achievingagasseal(气密).•活塞环与缸壁之间以及活塞环与环槽之间的油膜不仅对润滑是必需的，而且对保持气密也起重要作用。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Incarryingoutthesedutiestheoilisexposedto（使…受到）contamination（污染）byproductsofcombustion（燃烧产物）.•在起到这些作用时，滑油会受到燃烧产物的污染。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Someoftheseareacidic（酸性的）,particularlyifresidualfuels（渣油）arebeingusedandcancausecorrosive（腐蚀的）conditionswhichpromote（促进）heavyratesofwear（磨损）.•其中有些燃烧产物是酸性的，尤其是使用渣油时，会引起腐蚀，使磨损加剧。•corrosion腐蚀。erosion侵蚀。wear磨损。•Also,lacquer(漆膜)andcarbonaceousdeposits（积炭）formintheringbelt（环带）whichinterferewith（影响）thecorrectoperationoftherings.•而且，还会在（活塞）环带上形成漆膜和积炭，从而影响（活塞）环的正常工作。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Tocounteract（克服，消弱）theseundesirable（不利的）effectscylinderoilsusuallycontainadditives（添加剂）formulated(配制)toimpart(给予)ahighdegreeofalkalinity(碱性)anddetergency(去垢能力).•为克服这些不利影响，气缸油通常含有具有高碱性和去垢能力的添加剂。•Thealkalinityneutralizestheacidconditionsandthedetergencycleanses（vt.清洁）theringsandgrooves.•碱性用于中和酸，去垢能力用以清洁活塞环和活塞环槽。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Mainlubricatingoilsystem•主润滑油系统动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Operatingconditionsinthecrankchamber（曲轴箱）areverydifferentfromthoseinthecylinderanditistheneedfortheoiltoperformitsfunctions（起作用）overaverylongperiod,whichdeterminestheproperties（特性）requiredinthelubricant（润滑剂）.•曲轴箱的工作条件和气缸的工作条件大不相同，曲轴箱滑油需在很长的时间内起作用，这就决定了润滑剂所需的特性。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•Thefollowingfeaturesareessentialforcrankchamberoils:•曲轴箱滑油必须具有如下基本性能：动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•1.Theymusthavegoodlubricatingpropertiesandbeabletoresist（vt.抵抗）rupture(破裂)ofthefilmseparatingthemovingparts（运动部件）inordertoensureminimumfrictionlosses(摩损).•必须具有良好的润滑性能，并能保持各运动部件间的油膜不破裂，以保证最小的摩损。动力工程系PowerEngineeringDepartment•2.Theymustbeabletoremoveheatfromabearingandtodosotheviscosityshouldbehighenoughatoperatingtemperaturestoassist（vt.辅助）filmmaintenance(