期望理论_英文PPT1

ExpectancyTheory期望理论WhatisexpectancytheoryExpectancytheoryisafieldofstudyaboutemployeemotivation.Accordingtothistheory,thestrengthofatendencytoactinacertainwaydependsonthestrengthofanexpectationthatactwillbefollowedbyagivenoutcomeandontheattractivenessofthatoutcometotheindividual.Inpracticalterms,itsaysthatanemployeewillbemotivatedtoexertahighlevelofeffortwhenheorshebelievesthateffortwillleadtoagoodperformanceappraisal;thatagoodperformanceappraisalwillleadtoorganizationalrewards,thattherewardswillsatisfytheemployees'personalgoals.ExpectancyModeIndividual----effort1Individual----performanceOrganization----rewards2Personal-----goals31.Effort-performancerelationship（努力——绩效的关系）.Theprobabilityperceivedbytheindividualthatexertingagivenamountofeffortwillleadtoperformance(个体认为通过一定程度的努力会带来一定的绩效的可能性）.2.Performance-rewardrelationship（绩效——奖酬的关系）.Thedegreetowhichtheindividualbelievesthatperformingataparticularlevelwillleadtoadesiredoutcome（个体相信一定水平的绩效会带来所希望的奖酬的程度）3.Rewards-personalgoalsrelationship（奖酬——个人目标的关系）.Thedegreetowhichorganizationalrewardssatisfyanpersonalgoalsorneeds.（组织奖酬满足个人的目标或需求程度以及这些可能的奖酬的吸引力）期望公式激励取决于对行动结果的价值评价和其对应的期望值的乘积：M=VEM-motivation（激发人内部潜力的强度）V-valence（效价）E-expectancy（对实现该目标可能性大小的主观评估即期望值）利用期望理论来分析对某种奖金制度是否有激励作用激励力量（M）效价（v)期望值（E）效价高（V高）对奖金感兴趣效价低（V低）对奖金不感兴趣期望值高（E高）努力工作取得奖金的可能性大期望值低（E低）努力工作取得奖金的可能性不大M=EV有很高的激励力量来实施拿奖金的计划M=EV激励弱（可通过提高员工的素质或改善工作条件）M=EV激励弱（可寻求其他激励办法）M=EV激励最弱（可采取新的奖励制度和改善工作条件）ApplicationThetheoryfocusedonperformancevariables（变量）.Ithasprovedtoofferarelativelypowerfulexplanation（说明）ofemployeeproductivity（生产率）,absenteeism（缺勤）,andturnover（营业额）.Butthetheoryassumes（假定）thatemployeeshavefewconstraints（约束）ontheirdecisiondiscretion（判断力）.Itmakesmanyofthesameassumptions（假设）thattherationalmodelmakesaboutindividualdecisionmaking.Thisactstorestrict（约束）itsapplicable（可适用性）.Wecanconclude,thetheory’spowerinexplainingemployeeproductivityincreaseswhenthejobsbeingperformedaremorecomplexandhigherintheorganization.Rational--thinkingThankyouforyourattention！