高中英语语法导学案之状语从句

状语从句一．概念及分类：句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句；复合句中从句的从属地位，表现为结构完整的句子只相当于一个词的地位，根据其所相当的词性，分别为形容词从句，副词从句和名词从句。形容词从句可作也只作定语，故等于定语从句；副词从句可作也只作状语，故为状语从句，而名词从句可作不同的成分，依其所作成分的不同分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。副词从句作状语，往往修饰的是谓语动词或者整个句子，因此不像定语从句或名词从句一样与某一个部分纠结在一起。它往往与主句相对，与主句界限分明。位于句首时，状语从句还常以逗号与主句分开。状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句；4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.让步状语从句；7.比较状语从句；8.方式状语从句；9.结果状语从句。二．时间状语从句（一）when,while和as1,when,观察下面例句，总结其用法：WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.总结：从句表示的动作_________________________________,主句和从句的先后关系_______________________________________________________________________。在下列句子中，when的含义是：_____________,做为并列连词。Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.WewereabouttosetoffonourwaywhenitsuddenlybegantorainShewasonthepointofgoingtoshopwhenthetelephonerang..HardlyhadIarrivedwhenthetrainleft.Hehadjustfinishedhishomeworkwhensomeoneaskedhimtoplaybasketball.总结：_________________________________:_________________________________________________________________;______________________________________________________________________________________________观察下列句子中when的含义：Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyouhavegotsuchagoodone?when表示条件，意思接近“在…...情况下”whenever:IgotothetheaterwheneverIgetthechance.(每当，每次)Comeandseemewheneveryouwantto.（在任何时候）2,while,观察例句并总结用法：Wewerelistening/listenedtotheradiowhilehewasreadingnewspaper.Iliketeawhilehelikecoffee.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.总结：while引导的从句谓语动词必须是_______________________,常用___________时。作为并列连词，表示_________________，翻译成_____________；语气比but________。把while的含义写在后面括号内：Whilewedidn’tagree,wecontinuetobegoodfriends.()Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idon’tknowthemwell.()Whilethereislife,thereishope.()Striketheironwhileitishot.()总结：while除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导_________________________________。3.as引导时间状语从句：Astimegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为________或者________________。温馨提示：当主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while,as可互换使用。When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.题组训练用while，when，as填空：①________Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofthestore.②_________Johnarrived,Iwascookinglunch.③________hegrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.④Howcanhegetgoodgrades_______hewon’tstudy?⑤Iwaswanderingthroughthestreet__________Icaughtsightofatailor’sshop.⑥______thegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.㈡assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner…than…,hardly(scarecely,barely)…when…这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为_____________________.ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.注意：在nosooner…than…;hardly/scarcely/barely…when结构中，主句用_____________，从句使用__________________时态。此外，当把nosooner或hardly等提到句首时，应用_______________语序。Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=Hardly________________________________________________________.Ihadnosoonercomehomethanitbegantorain.=Nosooner____________________________________________________.题组训练英译汉：Theyphonedimmediatelytheyreachedhome.____________________________________________________________________TheyearmybrotherjoinedthearmyIgraduatedfromthehighschool.______________________________________________________________________Ihadwaitedfor3hoursbythetimethetrainarrived.(注意主句时态：)________________________________________________________________________EverytimeIseeher,sheisalwaysbusy.________________________________________________________________________Iwanttoseeherthemomentshearrives._________________________________________________________表示时间的名词或名词短语也可以引起时间状语从句，如：_______________________________________.㈢till、until和not…untilHeremainedthereuntilshearrived.Youmaystayhereuntiltherainstops.Hewon’tgotobeduntilshereturns.UntilyoutoldmeIhavenoideaofit.ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.观察以上各句，找出用法。肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。否定句：主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作直到某时间才开始。_____________可以用于句首，而__________不可以。在强调句型中notuntil两词在一起不分开；句首时，_________要倒装。题组训练句型转换Ididn’tleaveuntilshecameback..______________shecameback_____________leave._____________notuntilshecameback________I________.㈣before,after和since1.before,在…之前：翻译下面的句子：Lookbeforeyouleap.___________________________________________Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy._________________________________________________把下列各句中的before的含义写在后面：Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.（）Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.（）Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.（）BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme（）before构成的固定句型，看例句总结：Itwillbeayearbeforeyouleaveschool.ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagain.Itwillbe+_________before(谓语动词用_____________________)Itwas+____________before(谓语动词用____________________)2.since：IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.Shehasbeenworkinginthisfactorysinceheleftschool.Ihaveseenhertwicesincehelivedhere.总结：since从句的谓语动词一般是_________