高中虚拟语气 语法点系统讲解

2015.11.27英语中有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。表示说的话不是事实，仅表示一种愿望、建议或假设。•IfIwereyou,Iwouldconsiderhissuggestion.•IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Iwouldhavesucceeded.•Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotholdthesportsmeeting.与现在相反与过去相反与将来相反条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来did/werehaddone/beenwould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)一、If型条件句的三种基本形式助动词1快速判断：现在、过去or将来？•Myfatherwouldbuythisflatifhehadenoughmoney?•IfIweretogotoBJ,Iwouldcallyou.•IfIhadgotupearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthebus.•Ifyouwereanartist,whatkindofpictureswouldyoupaint?•Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.现在将来过去现在将来含蓄条件句。Without,but,butfor（要不是）,otherwise，or(否则的话)暗含着含蓄条件。Eg.Butfor/Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Eg.Iwouldhaveboughtthatcar,butIdidn’thavemoneythen.错综虚拟语气。主从句分别对不同时间相反。Eg.IfIhadaskedhimyesterday,wewouldknowwhattodonow.If的省略。用部分倒装，即将be/助动词/情态动词提前。Eg.IfIwereyou(WereIyou)。虚拟语气中，be动词的过去式必须用were。Eg.Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeOK.小注：But/or/otherwise前面或后面陈述一个事实，暗示虚拟条件。Wishthat/Ifonly(但愿…/要是…就好了)Did/were现在Haddone/been过去Would/could/mightdo将来2.1二、类If型:wish(ifonly…)/wouldrather/asif(though)没有should与现在相反：did/wereIwishI______astallasYaoMing.要是我和姚明一样高就好了。Mywishistobeabird.(真实愿望)IwishI_______abird.(要是我是一只小鸟就好了）Mywishisthateverydayismybirthday.(真实愿望)Iwisheveryday_______mybirthday.IwishI__________(拥有)thishouse.要是我现在拥有这所房子就好了。werewerewerepossessedIwishI_____________（eat）somuch.要是我没吃那么多就好了。IwishI____________（drive）morecarefullyyesterday.要是我昨天开车小心点就好了。IwishIhadattendedthepartyyesterday.要是我昨天参加这个party就好了。hadn’teatenhaddriven与过去相反:haddoneIwishit_______________tomorrow.要是明天下雪就好了。Mywishistovisittheplacesofinterestinthefuture.(真实愿望)IwishI_____________theplacesofinterestinthefuture.IwishI_____________amillionairesomeday.要是有一天我能成为百万富翁就好了。与将来相反:would/could/might+docouldsnowcouldvisitcouldbecomeAsif/asthough(同wish)【即时演练】Shelooksasifshe________(be)anartist.AlantalkedaboutRomanasifhe__________(be)there.Itseemedasthoughhe____________(study)inUSnextsemester.2.2Did/were现在Haddone/been过去would/could/mightdo将来werehadbeenwouldstudyWouldrather(宁愿)【即时演练】Iwouldratheryou___________(come)heretomorrow.Iwouldratheryou___________(nottell)methetruth.I’dratheryou________(post)theletterrightnow.2.3did/were现在/将来Haddone/been过去camehadn’ttoldposted3.1下列动词引导的宾语从句：一坚持：insist二命令：command/order三建议：advise/propose/suggest四要求：demand/desire/request/require3.2上述动词对应的名词suggestion，order,demandproposal后接表语从句或同位语从句。【练习】Thefatherordersthathisson__________(do)homeworkatonce.Myproposalisthatwe_____(set)adeadlineforhandingintheplan.三、shoulddo型（should可以省略）shoulddoset虚拟语气中的被动:context。Eg.Itisrequiredthattheproblem___________(solve)immediately.suggest/insist：表明/坚持说：不虚拟建议做/坚持做：虚拟Eg.ThefirstsuggestedthatCholeramultipliedintheair.Eg.SheinsistedthatI_____(be)wrongandthatI_______________(apologize)toher.小注：shouldbesolvedwasshouldapologize3.3It做形式主语。Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/funny/surprising/apity/ashame/nowonder/suggested/advised/recommended/desiredthat…【练习】ItisapitythatLucy_________(be)socareless.3.4Itishightimethat…+did/shoulddo(should不可省略)，意为“早该…了”。Eg.Itishightimethatwegot/shouldgetup.shouldbe攻克虚拟语气的关键在于：时间+动词过去式与过去分词1.Weareconsideringhisproposalthatourdaughter______(send)abroadforfurthereducation.2.Thetwostrangerstalkedwarmlyasifthey_______(be)closefriendsforyears.3.SheinsistedthatI_____(be)wrongandthatI_________(apologize)toher.4.Itisessentialthateffectivemeasures_______(take)toprotectourcivilrights.5.Johnwouldratherthathe_________(notgo)tothepartyyesterday.6.Ifyou___not______(stay)uplatelastnight,youwouldn’tbesosleepynow.7.Withoutyourhelp,we________(achieve)somuch.besenthadbeenwasapologizebetakenhadn’tgonehadstayedwouldn’thaveachieved1.Ididn’tknowKevin’stelephonenumber,otherwiseI_____________(call)him.2.Iftheystartedearlierthanexpected,they______(be)herenow.3.Ifshe________(call)me,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.4.Ifthey________(attack)us,wewouldwipethemoutcompletely.5.Ifhe__________(leave)today,hewouldgetthereonFriday.6.Iwouldhavegonetotheparty,butI________busypreparingforajobnterview.7.I_______________(go)throughthatbitterperiodbutforyourhelp.wouldhavecalledwouldbehadnotcalledShould~WeretoleavewasWouldn’thavegone•N11B3语法小测•学案P114•学案P132