1-2010广东省高考英语专题――阅读理解,解题技巧

IbelieveIcanmakeit!Ican!Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.Justtryithard!高考专题复习阅读理解—主旨要义题广东省考试大纲的说明——英语要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等。考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）理解具体信息；（3）根据上下文推测生词词义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文段的基本逻辑结构；（6）理解作者的意图和态度；1234主旨大意细节理解推理判断猜测词义阅读技巧本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到。干扰项具有如下特点：1.以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。2.断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。3.主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但已暗示出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类题目尽管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。遵循四字原则:准全新用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想要注意文章的内涵和外延,把作者的观点准确地表达出来.要排除掉那些片面的选项,选取包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的选项,范围不宜过大或过小.所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发读者的阅读兴趣.精要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：：1、理解主旨要义题；(mainidea)2、理解文中具体信息；(questionsofdetails）3、根据上下推断生词的词义：(wordsincontext)4、做出简单判断和推理；(questionsofinference)5、理解文章的基本结构;（basicstructureofpassage）6、理解作者的意图和态度。（intentionorattitudeofauthor）StepⅠ熟悉考纲一、Readingabilities二、Questionforms:主旨大意题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。多就文章的主要内容、主题或标题进行设问。常见的题干形式如下：●大意类：Themainideaofthepassageis...Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?●标题类：•What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?•What’sthebestheadlineforthepassage?•Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe...●作者意图类：•What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage？•Theauthor'spurpose...istoshow...StepⅡ解题方法Techniques1.正向法：速读文章，找主题句或自己概括主题，从选项中找出最符合的。2.逆向法：假设题目中的选项为标题，其写法是否与所给文章一致。3.统计法：有些段落文章有多个句子段落，各句段主题可能完全不同，此时应选择涉及最多的选项。StepⅢ解题思路Let’spracticeHowtogetthemainideaofaparagraph?注意干扰项的陷阱：1、以偏概全，干扰项故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。2、过于笼统，放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或缩小。TypesOfParagraphStructurestypeThepositionofthetopicInformationwordsAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceforexample……so,therefore,……1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?（1分钟）What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Smokingcancausecancer.B.SmokingisaterriblekillerC.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.D.Anexperimentonsmoking.Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Practice：小结：正向法。思考：文章何种体裁？主题句在哪里？(detail)(detail)(detail)2…Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.（1分钟）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Aprofessionalcriminallooksmoreinnocentthanothers.B.Don’tjudgeothersbyappearance.C.Trytohideone’sownweakness.D.Allofuscanjudgeothers.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance以偏概全以偏概全过于笼统小结：逆向法。思考：文章何种体裁？主题句在哪里？3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hu--rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.(2分钟)Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSaleThissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.(detail)(detail)(detail)思考：文章何种体裁？主题句在哪里？4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.（2分钟）Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail思考：文章何种体裁？主题句在哪里？5•AcoupleofyearsagoItookthefamilyonawintervacationtoNewYorkcitytoexperiencetheholidayatmosphere.Thelongestlinesthatweekweren’tinthehalloftheempirestatebuilding,attheStatueofLibertyferryoranyofNewYork'sotherlandmarks,butinthesquareatFifthavenueand58Street,wherethecrowdtogetintoFAOSchwarz(atoystore)snakedaroundtheblock.•Theauthorwantstotellus____inthisPara.•A.thedistributionofpeople.•B.thepoortrafficconditions.•C.thepopularityofatoystore•D.theniceholidayatmosphere.小结：统计法。具有概括性。思考：文章何种体裁？主题句在哪里？6Magellan’smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetripofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgre