小型有机垃圾生化处理机的开发与应用进展-石磊

石　磊,赵由才,李　兵(,　200092)　:、、,。、,,。、,,“”,。:;;;:X703;S216.4　　:A　　:1000-1166(2004)03-0015-04DevelopmentandApplicationofSmall-scaleOrganicWasteBio-treatmentDevice/SHILei,ZHAOYou-cai,LIBing/(StateKeyLaboratoryofPollutionControlandResourceReuse,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,China)Abstract:Duetoitscharacteristicsofperishability,lowheatvalueandhighorganicmattercontent,etc,organicwastescannotbeeas-ilydisposedbysanitarylandfillandincineration.Ontheotherhand,traditionalcompostingsystemsnotonlycoveralargearea,dif-fusefoulsmell,produceinferiorproduct,buttheircompostingperiodisratherlongaswell.Inthisarticle,structures,operationprin-ciplesandfeaturesofsmall-scalebiochemicaldevicestreatingorganicwasteareintroduced,thentheirdevelopmentsandapplicationsinhomeandabroadaresummarized.Finally,itisconcludedthattheappearanceofsmall-scaleorganicwastebiochemicaldeviceisinaccordancewiththerequirementof“3R”inwastedisposal,whichwillhaveabrightapplicationprospectinfuture.Keywords:organicwaste,small-scalebiochemicaldevice,development,application:2004-02-17　:2004-05-15::(1977-),,,,。1　　、、,、、,、、。200241.3～43.4t,12.27t[1]。,、、、,N,P,K[2]。,,;、、、、,,。、,8%～10%,,,、、、,,,[3-4]。2　2.1　结构和原理,1,、/、、、///[5]。,,、,CO2,NH3,、,,、。15ChinaBiogas2004,22(3)2.2　特点(1),,、,,、,,、。(2),、,,。(3)、,,,、。(4),、、、、,。(5),,。(6),,。2.3　运行要求(1)。,、、C/N、,,,。:1.、,、,30%～70%;2.、、,C/N30∶1,50%～60%[6]。(2)。、、pH、:1.,55℃～60℃,60℃,;2.,8%～18%,8%,,。,;3.pH,,;4.:,,,。,,。(3)。,、(:、、)、(:、、)(pH,,)。,;,;,;,。,,、、、、、、。,,,,,[7]。3　3.1　传统的小型堆肥器,:、、。,,0.9m,0.46m,6～9;:0.34m30.59m3。、。:[4]。,、,。,,。,。1,,,;,。3.2　蚯蚓床垃圾处理桶、,16ChinaBiogas2004,22(3)。25～29℃,pF=2.7(50%),pH6～8.5,[8]。,,4,。4。,2,3。,,。4。。,。,,[9]。111,0.5。,;,。,。12000。,1～2,50～100[10]。3.3　可移动的小型堆肥系统CountyMulch(30～38m3),,,,;。,、、、、、、,。、,,,、、、,,5025。1～40t·d-1,,2。,。4　,,、,、、,500mm,1.3m,250L。,、、、、、[11]。51080—Z-lant,WJH-15,15L,9kg·d-1,,12～20h,,。87%,、,[12]。8h,,,,,[13]。:GP、、SLC370,FPW。,,,-5～100℃,、,,CO2,H2O,95%,,,。、。、、。17ChinaBiogas2004,22(3),,1/7。。3。,。,。300,。、,,,。3,,。,[14]。,70℃,,、。、,。、[15]。5　、、,:1.、、C/N,,;2.、,,;3.,,、。,,,,。、,、。、、,;;;、,,。,、,,、、、、、、。:[1]　,,.[J].,2003,22(2):252-256.[2]　FahyPeter.OrganicWasteComposting[J],Agriculture,E-cosystemsandEnvironment,1996,58(2-3):207.[3]　VonFahnestock,JNicholas,McCusker,BufordC.Appara-tusforcompostingorganicwastematerial[J],BiotechnologyAdvances,1996,14(4):616.[4]　,,.[J].,2000,13(5):17-18.[5]　StelmachowskiMarek,Jastrzebska,Magdalena,ZarzyckiRo-man.In-vesselcompostingforutilizingofmunicipalsewage-sludge[J].AppliedEnergy,2003,75(3-4):249-256.[6]　,,.[J].,2003,28(4):97-100.[7]　HassenAbdennaceur,BelguithKaouala,JedidiNaceuretal.Microbialcharacterizationduringcompostingofmunicipalsolidwaste[J].BioresourceTechnology,2001,80:217-225.[8]　,.[J].,2003,19(1):39-44.[9]　.[J].,1997,337(8):44.[10]　,.[J].,2002,4(1):22-25.[11]　,,.[J].,2003,3(3):41-45.[12]　,.Z-1ant[J].,2001,29(10):1230-1233.[13]　,,.[J].,2003,22,,161-163.[14]　EkindY,KirchmannH.CompostingandstorageoforganichouseholdwastewithdifferentlitteramendmentsⅠ:carbonturnover[J].BioresourceTechology,2000,74(3):115-124.[15]　ManiosT.Thecompostingpotentialofdifferentorganicsolidwastes:experiencefromtheislandofCrete[J].EnvironmentInternational,2004,29(8):1079-1089.18ChinaBiogas2004,22(3)