西方文化导论Unit7

U7_mainGetStartedTextStudySupplementaryResourcesTextStudy_II_2.4TextStudyInterpretationofCulturalTermsInterpretationofCulturalTermsImmanuelKant康德(1724–1804):An18th-centuryGermanphilosopher.HeisregardedasoneofthemostinfluentialthinkersofmodernEuropeandofthelateEnlightenment.TheEnlightenmentfirststartedin.Inthe17thcentury,Francebecamemorepowerfulineconomicandmilitaryachievementsduetothemeasuresandreformstakenby.Incentury,FrancelostitsinitialdominationattheseatoEngland.TheEnlightenmentwasinfluencedbyBritishanddisseminationof.WiththeworseningsituationofFrancein18thcentury,moreandmorepeople,ledbynewlyemergingstronglydemandedforpoliticalreforms.TextStudy_I_3.1TextStudyComprehensionExercisesFillintheblanks.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)ComprehensionExercisesFrance______LouisXIV_________18th____empiricism__________scientificknowledge_________________Bourgeoisie__________,TextStudy_II_3.1TextStudyComprehensionExercisesTrueorfalsequestions.ComprehensionExercises(1)Lockerejectstheideaofinnateknowledgeandarguesfortheacquisitionofknowledgefromthesenses.(2)ThelateRenaissancefocusedonthemetaphysicalandrationalistphilosophy,whiletheEnlightenmentwasbasedonepistemologyandempiricism.(3)Lockerejectedthedivisionoflegislativepowerandadministrativepower.(4)Berkeleywasthefatherofaphilosophicalschoolcalledphenomenalism.(5)Hume’sempiricistphilosophygreatlyinfluencedImmanuelKant’scriticalphilosophy.T__T__T__F__T__TextStudy_III_3.1ComprehensionExercisesTextStudyComprehensionExercises(1)Whichofthefollowingphilosophersfirstputforwardtheideaofthedivisionofpower?A.DavidHume.B.JohnLocke.C.GeorgeBerkeley.D.Voltaire.Multiplechoice.TextStudy_III_3.2ComprehensionExerciseTextStudyComprehensionExercises(2)TheFrenchDeclarationofHumanRightsandtheAmericanDeclarationofIndependenceowedmuchoftheirsourcesandinspirationto_________SpiritofLaws(1748).A.Montesquieu’sB.Voltaire’sC.Rousseau’sD.Diderot’sMultiplechoice.TextStudy_III_3.3ComprehensionExerciseTextStudyComprehensionExercises(3)Montesquieu’stheoryofthedivisionofpowerdividesthepoliticalauthorityinto_________.A.legislative,administrativeandjudicialpowersB.legislative,executiveandjudicialpowersC.legislative,executiveandelectoralpowersD.legislative,executiveandlawenforcementpowersMultiplechoice.TextStudy_III_3.4ComprehensionExerciseTextStudyComprehensionExercises(4)Rousseauisfamousforhisideaof_________.A.thedivinerightofthekingB.thesocialcontractC.thedivinerightofthehumanbeingsD.empiricismMultiplechoice.TextStudy_III_3.5ComprehensionExerciseTextStudyComprehensionExercises(5)TheEnlightenmentisnotopposedto____________.A.superstitionB.feudalismC.rationalismD.absolutismMultiplechoice.TextStudy_IV_3.1ComprehensionExercisesTextStudyComprehensionExercisesMatchthefollowingEnglishwriterswiththeirworks.(1)HenryFielding(2)JonathanSwift(3)DanielDefoe(4)JohnBunyan(5)JohnMiltona.ParadiseLostb.RobinsonCrusoec.Gulliver’sTravelsd.Pilgrim’sProgresse.TomJonesTextStudy_V_3.1ComprehensionExercisesTextStudyComprehensionExercisesTrueorfalsequestions.(1)TheEnlightenmentischaracterizedbyreason,whichisacriticaltoolallowingmantogetridofprejudiceandchangetheworld,dominatingnaturethroughscience.(2)TheEnlightenmentovercametheprejudiceagainstfemale,andregardedbothgendersasequalinthesociety.(3)Themajoragentsofchangeinthearts,governmentsandeconomywereenlightenedkingsandpriests.(4)TheEnlightenmentlaidanideologicalfoundationforthebreakoutoftheFrenchRevolution.(5)TheEnlightenmentunveiledtheinaugurationofthemoderneraandlaidasolidfoundationforthelaterprocessoftheWesternmodernization.T__F__T__F__T__