转变中的国家公务员制度

20012()No.22001(146)JOURNALOFXIAMENUNIVERSITY(Arts&SocialSciences)GeneralNo.146X(,361005):20,,()90,,,,,,:;;;;:D523;D630:A:0438-0460(2001)02-0071-10()19,20,,207080,,,,80,,,,,,,,,19,;,CivilServantCivilService,,,(CivilService,CivilServiceSystem)17X:2000-12-20:(1959-),,,,CivilServant18,19,,;,20,CivilService,[1](P104),,PublicService,,,PublicServiceCivilService,,,,CivilServant(CivilService),;,,(LaFonctionaire),(),(),,(),,,,,,,,,(),()[2](P84-95),;,;,,()(L.L.Kiser)(E.Ostrom)[3](P179-222),:,,,(E.B.McGregor,Jr.),[4],,,[3](P208),,271854(),()15014;,,18541883(),(),,,:,,,;,();,,,,;,;;()(),2060-70,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,37,,:;,,,,,,,,,(),;,;,,2020:,()[5](P43):,[6](P250-251),:,,,:,;:,[7](P70-71),,,,,,(),,(),,();,,,,,(,47),,,():(1)();(2),;(3)(),,[6](P264-265)(OECD),1989,;,;;;;[5](P57),,,,,[8](P242),,,,,,;,,,1987;1981,2000;80,,1984(SES),,,(),,,();,,;,;,,,,,,(),(),,,;();;()(),,2057,,1979752000,1994533350;,;()(199455000,70000,52)[8](P241),1993,25.2,10501998,,35.1,1370,30,[9]70,,,,1988-19892000,1989-1990,1000;,20,,,[10]?:,,(),,,:;;;;;;:;;;;,[8](P245-246),,,[8](P247):,,,:,;,,E(),,;,,,,,,,,67,,,,,,,,;,;,,;,;,,,;,;[5](P60-63),20,,,,,1300,20,20,,,,80,15(1985-1989),,(),80,,,1985,;1985-1986,;1987,(1989-1993)1989,6,;(1993)1993,,,;;199377,15,,,,,40;,,,,,,,;,;,,;,,,,,,,,:40,,();:,;,,;,,,,,(,),,,,,,,,;,,,,,21,,,,,;,,,,(),,,,,,,87,,;,:,8(15),150;,,,,;,,;,;,,,:,[11](P198):1.,;2.,,40;3.;4.;5.,;6.,;7.1.,;2.,80003;3.;4.;5.,;6.,;7.,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,?,,()2001-2010,,,10,,97:[1]V.BOGANOR(ed.)1TheBlackwellEncyclopediaofPoliticalInstiutions[Z].NewYork:BlackwellReference,1987.[2]E.P.MORGANandJ.L.PERRY1ReorientingtheComparativeStudyofCivilServiceSystem[J]1ReviewofPublicPersonnelAdministration8(summer),1988.[3]L.L.KISERandE.OSTROM1TheThreeWorldofAction:AMetatheoriticalSynthesisofInstitutionalApproaches[A],InE.Ostrom(ed.),StrategiesofPoliticalInquiry[C].BeverlyHills,CA:Sage,1982.[4]E.B.MCGRGOR,JR.1TheComparativeCivilServiceResearchAgenda:GettingtheQuestionsRight[Z]1Bloomington,IN:SchoolofPublicandEnviromentAffairs,WorkingPaper,1990.[5][].[A]..[C].:,1998.[6][].:[A]..[C].:,1998.[7][].:[A]..[C].:,1998.[8][].:[A]..[C].:,1998.[9].[J].,1999,(3).[10].[J].,1998,(3).[11].[A]..21:[C].:,1999.[:]SystemofCivilServantsinTransition:AComparisonofreformsandtrendsofdevelopmentinChineseandWesternSystemsofCivilServantsCHENZhen-mingAbstract:Attheendofthe20thcentury,withthesocialtransitionintheWestfromindustrialtopost-industrial,atideofreformingthesystemsofcivilservantssurgedalmosteverycountry.Inthe1990s,Chinastartedimplementingthesystemofcivilservantsinordertomeettheneedsofdevelopingamarketeconomyanddeepeningthereformofpolitico-ad2ministrativesystems.DifferentcontextsofChinaandtheWestresultedindifferentgoals,strategiesandspecificmeasuresconcerningthereformanddevelopmentofsystemsofcivilservants.However,againstthecommonbackgroundofglobaliza2tion,andowingtotheuniversalrulesofpersonnelmanagement,ChinamaybenefitfromdrawinguponmanyofthemeasuresthattheWesthastakeninreformingtheirsystemsofcivilservants.Keywords:Systemsofcivilservants,reform,China,theWest08