大学语言学考试1-7章-试题和答案

12maximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant.itisputintotheonsetratherthanthecoda.E.g.Thecorrectsyllabificationofthewordcountryshouldbe//.Itshouldn’tbe//or//accordingtothisprinciple.第一章，填空1.Thestudyofthemeaningoflingusticwords,phrasesiscalledsemantics.2.Displacementisadesignfeatureofhumanlanguagethatenablesspeakerstotalkaboutawildrangeofthingsfreefrombarrierscausedby4.Morphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.5.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive.6.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.7.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Itisinformativeinthatcommunicatingbyspeakingorwritingisapurposefulact.8.Thelinkbetweenalinguisticsignanditsmeaningisamatterof???9.Languageisdistinguishedfromtrafficlightsinthattheformerhasthedesigningfeatureofduality.10.Inlinguisticsresearch,bothquantityandqualityapproachesarepreferred.判断：11.Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech,thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday'shaveno....√12.AccordingtoChomsky,theword“competence”isnotlimitedtotheabilityofanidealnativespeakertoconstructandrecognize.×13.Dualityandculturaltransmissionaretwomostimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage.×14.Chomsky'scompetence'andperformancearesimilarinmeaningtoSaussure’slangueandparole.√15,Animportantdifferencebetweentraditionalgrammariansandmodernlinguistsintheirstudyoflanguageisthattheformertendedtoover-emphasizethewrittenformoflanguageandencouragepeopletoimitatethe“bestauthors”forlanguageusage√16.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforaofreasons.√17.Modernlinguisticsismainlydiachronic.×chochronic共时的18.LangueandparoleisthefundamentaldistinctiondiscussedbyChomskyinhisAspectsoftheTheoryofSyntax.F19.SaussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguisticsasParoleandlanguage.√20.AccordingtoChomsky,thetaskofalinguististodeterminefromthedataofperformancetheunderlyingsystemofrulesthathasbeen√选择:1.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalysethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesforcorrectlinguisticbehavior,itissaidtobedescriptive2.IcanrefertoConfuciuseventhoughhewasdead2000yearsago.Thisshowsthatlanguagehasthedesignfeatureofdisplacement.3.“Don’tendasentencewithapreposition.”thisisanexampleofprescriptiverules.4.Whichofthefollowingismostreferredtoasabranchofthestudyofmeaningincontext.Pragmatics5.Thesynchronicstudyoflanguagetakesafixedinstantasitspointofobservation.6.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalledpragmatics.7.ThefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageisA??没照下图片arbitrary8.Thedescriptiveofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy.9.题目没照下来。答案为：principles-and-parameterstheory10.Chomskyusesthetermscompetencetorefertoactualrealizationofalanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguistic...11.TransformationlGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedbyN.Chomskyin1957.12.题目没拍下来，答案morphology.13.AccordingtoChomsky,competenceistheidealuser’sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage.14.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare’splay“RomeoandJuilet”.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”wellillustrateconventionalnature15.没拍到overvariousperiodsoftime历时diachronic16.Linguisticisthescientificstudyofhumanlanguageingenenral17.Pragmaticsisastudyof_____(D)A:LanguagelearningB:LanguageacquisitionC:LanguageplanningD:Languageinuse18.Alinguistisinterestedin____(B)A:WhatissaidB:WhatisrightbothinsyntaxandinsemanticsC:WhatisgrammaticalD:Whatoughttobesaid19._____hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodernlinguistics(B)A:ChomskyB:Saussure20.Thefactthatthewell-knownLiuSanJiefeaturesascenceof“duige”(songdueling)mostlyforthesheerjoyofplayingon____functionoflanguage.(B)A:phaticcommunionB.recreationalC:emotiveD:informative21.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn’tit?”is____.(B)A:informativeB:phatic交流感情的C:directiveD:performative24.“Tree”inEnglish,“arbre”inFrenchand“木”inJapaneseallrefertothesamething,whichindicatesthatlanguageis_arbitrary____(任意)25.The____functionoflanguageisprimarilytouselanguagetotalkaboutlanguageitself.(D)A:performativeB:interpersonalC:informativeD:meta-language26.Displacementbenefitshumanbeingsbygivingthemthepowertohandle___(B)A:arbitrarinessandcreativityB:generalizationsand…..名词解释1.Language2.designfeatures3.competence&performance4.language&parole5.Metalanguagecertainkindsoflinguisticsignsortermsfortheanalysisanddescriptionofparticularstudies.简答题2.Communicationcantakemanyforms,suchassign,speech,bodylanguageandfaciallanguage.Dobodylanguageandfaciallanguageexpressionshareorlackthedistinctivefeaturesofhumanlanguage?3.Doyoupreferdescriptivelinguisticstoprescriptivelinguistics?Giveyourreasons.第二章单词填空1.Consonantsoundscanbeeithervoiced-----orvoiceless清音-----,whileallvowelsoundsarevoiced-----.Voicing浊音2.phonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalled有序规则Sequentialrules3.