英语词汇学论文-构词法

1Abstract词汇是我们在英语学习过程中最大的障碍。然而，英语构词法能够帮助我们很好的辨别并正确理解英语，同时也可以在短时间内增加我们的词汇量，英语构词法是学习英语的有效途径和强有力的“武器”，在所有的英语构词法中，词缀法能够生成的新单词是最多的也是最广泛，它被认为英语学习的最佳途径之一。除了词缀发以外，复合法、转类法、混成法、截短法、首字母拼音法、逆向构词法也都是英语学习的有效途径VocabularyisoneofthemainobstaclesofEnglishstudy.HoweverEnglishwordformationcanhelpusrecognizeEnglishwords,understandthemcorrectly,andenlargeourvocabularyquickly.ItisanefficientwayandpowerfulweaponforEnglishstudy.Amongthem，affixationisthestrongestonetoformagreatrangeofvocabulary,anditisclaimedtobeoneofthebestwaysoflearningEnglish.Besides,compounding,conversion,blending,clipping,acronyms,back-formationarealsoefficientwaysoflearningEnglish.Inthepaperthewaysandcharacteristicsofwordformationisanalyzedformtheseaspects:affixation,compounding,conversion,blending.Keywords:English,lexicology,wordformation,affixation（关键字：英语、词汇学，构词法，词缀法）IntroductionTheexpansionofvocabularyinmodernEnglishdependschieflyonwordformation.Thereisavarietyofmeansbeingatworknow.Themostproductiveareaffixation,compoundingandconversion.Talkingaboutwordformationpatternsmeansdealingwithrules.Butnotallwordswhichareproducedbyapplyingtheruleareacceptable.Theacceptabilityisgainedonlywhenthewordhavegainedaninstitutionalcurrencyinthelanguage.Thereforerulesonlyprovideaconstantsetofmodelsfromwhichnewwordarecreatedfromdaytoday.Rulesthemselvesarenotfixedbutundergochangestoacertainextent.Forinstance,affixesandcompoundingprocessesmaybecomeproductiveatonetimeorlosetheirproductivity.Bywordformationprocesses,weconcentrateonproductiveoronproductiverules.Whileapplyingtherules,weshouldkeepinmindthattherearealwaysexceptions.Inmyopinion,themostimportantprincipleforalltheserulesofwordformationiseconomy.Chapter1thefunctionofEnglishwordformation1.1WordformationisaneffectivewaytoenlargeourEnglishvocabulary.Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplehavetakennoticeoflearningEnglish.ThenumberofthepeoplewhobegintolearnEnglishhasincreasedatahighspeed.HowcanweimproveourEnglisheffectivelyisundoubtedlythefocusofourattention.Generallyspeaking,vocabularyandgrammaticalrulesarekeystolearningEnglish2well.Amongthetwoaspects,vocabularyapparentlyplaysamoreimportantrole.Vocabularyisthefoundationoflanguage.Ifalanguagelearnerdoesn’thaveenoughvocabularytoexpresshisorheropinionsandunderstandotherpeople,evenifhisorhergrammaticalrulesandpronunciationsareexcellent,buthecannotcommunicatewithotherswell,heshouldn’tbeagoodlanguagelearner.Undertheinfluenceoftraditionalteachingmode,teachersoftenemphasismoreongrammaticalrulesandpronunciationsthanvocabulary.Asaresult,studentsspendalotoftimeonrememberingnewwords,buttheresultsarenotsoefficient.HoweverifwehaveaknowledgeofEnglishwordformation,theresultswillbenotthatbad.WordformationisreallyaneffectivewaytoenlargeourEnglishvocabulary.1.2Wordformationcanhelpushaveabettercomprehensionofanarticle.Whenwearereadinganewarticle,weoftenencounterwithsomenewwordsthatwehaveneverseenbefore.Inthiscase,mostofuswillleaveoutthenewwordandgoonwiththefollowingsections.However,thisisnotagoodhabit.IfwewanttoimproveourEnglish,wehavetotakeeverynewwordseriouslyeitherlookthemupinthedictionaryorsearchfortheinternet.Butdon’tyouthinkthatthesemethodsareinefficient?IfweknowsomethingaboutEnglishwordformation,maybethearticlewouldnotbesodifficultforustounderstand.Inthisway,wecanguessthemeaningofthenewwordaccordingtowhatwehavelearnedaboutEnglishwordformation.Ithasbeenprovedthatourguessiscorrectinmostcases.Sowesaywordformationcanhelpushaveabettercomprehensionofanewarticle.1.3ManynewwordscanbederivedbasedontherulesofwordformationRecentyears,theuseofcomputersasamediumofcommunicationhasgivenbirthtoanewlanguagephenomenon-cyberlanguage.Alargeamountofcyberlanguagehassprungup.Notallthenewvocabularycanberecognizedbyhumansociety.Somenewwordsonlyemergedinaveryshorttimeandthendisappeared,however,therearestillalotofwordsaresharedbymanypeople.Finally,thesewordsarerecognizedbythewholehumansociety.Someareevenaddedtothereverseddictionary.Canwesaythatthesewordsareunreasonableandirrational?Theanswerisabsolutely“No”.Mostofthenewwordsthathavebeenrecognizedarederivedbasedoncertainrulesofwordformation.Forexample,thesentence“3QU”iswidelyusedinthechattingroomontheinternetbyforeigners.ThisisalsoknownasoneimportantcharacteristicsofEnglishword-productivity.SoitisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwordformation.Chapter2AffixationAffixationisgenerallydefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestobases.Thisprocessisalsoknownasderivation,bywhichnewwordsderivedfromoldorbaseforms.Thewordsthatarecreatedinthiswayare3calledderivatives.Accordingtothepositionaffixesoccupyinwords,affixationfallsintothreesubcategories:pre-fixation,in-fixationandsuffixation.Pre-fixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixestobases,whichdonotgenerallychangetheword-classofthebase.Thatistosay,prefixesdonotchangethepartofspeechofaword.Theirchieffunctionistomodifyitsmeaning,althoughthereareexceptions.Inmyopinion,prefixescanbedividedinto:negativeprefixes,pejorativeprefixes,prefixesofdegreeorsize,prefixesoftimeandorder,andsoon.Suffixationistheformationofnewwords