地理专业英语(2008级+)

地理专业英语EnglishforGeographyLesson1LONGITUDEANDLATITUDEThelocationofpointsontheearth’ssurfacefollowsasysteminwhichlengthsofarcaremeasuredalongmeridiansandparallels；Thelocationofpointsontheearth’ssurfacefollowsasysteminwhichlengthsofarcaremeasuredalongmeridiansandparallels；测定地球表面上点的位置是按照沿着子午线（经线）和纬线测量弧长的方法进行的thatdesiredpoint欲量算的点thelongitudeofaplaceisthearc,measuredindegrees,ofaparallelbetweenthatplaceandtheprimemeridian经度的定义thelongitudeofaplaceisthearcofaparallelbetweenthatplaceandtheprimemeridianthelongitudeofaplaceisthearc,measuredindegrees,ofaparallelbetweenthatplaceandtheprimemeridian某地的经度系该地与本初子午线之间的纬线的弧的度数almostuniversally几乎一致TheprimemeridianisalmostuniversallyacceptedasthemeridianthatpassesthroughtheoldRoyalObservatoryatGreenwich人们几乎一致承认以通过格林尼治皇家天文台原址的子午线作为本初子午线bereferredtoas被称为梅州市Long.115。18′02′′～116。56′15′′ELat.23。25′10′′～24。46′30′′WIfonly只要要是、、、、就好，但愿e.g.Ifonlyitclearup,we’llgo.只要天一放晴，我们就走e.g.Ifonlyyouhadworkedwithgreatcare.你要是更细心一点该多好啊。e.g.Ifonlyhearrivesintime.但愿他及时赶到Ifonlythelongitudeofapointisstated如果只有，如果只thesamearcofmeasureappliestoanentiremeridian.thesamearcofmeasure相同的量算弧度applyto+名词或动名词适用于、请求帮忙e.g.Forparticulars,～theinformationdesk请求帮忙theexpression词语“ameridianoflongitude”经度子午线Theactuallength,inkilometersormiles,ofadegreeoflongitudeTheactuallengthofadegreeoflongitudeinkilometersormiles以……计adegreeoflongitude经度一度Theactuallength,inkilometersormiles,ofadegreeoflongitude经度一度的实际长度（以公里或英里计）Itisalsousefultoknowthatthelengthof1°oflongitudeisreducedtoaboutone-halfasmuchalongthe60°parallels,orabout55.5kmItisalsousefultoknowthatthelengthof1°oflongitudeisreducedtoaboutone-halfasmuchalongthe60°parallels,orabout55.5km(34.5mi)到了60度纬线，经度一度的弧的长度减少到原来长度的二分之一左右，即55.5公里。知道这一点也是有用的。Thelatitudeofaplaceisthearc,measuredindegrees,ofameridianbetweenthatplaceandtheequator.纬度的定义Thelatitudeofaplaceisthearcofameridianbetweenthatplaceandtheequator.Thelatitudeofaplaceisthearc,measuredindegrees,ofameridianbetweenthatplaceandtheequator.某地的纬度系该地与赤道之间子午线的弧的度数梅州市Long.115。18′02′′～116。56′15′′ELat.23。25′10′′～24。46′30′′Wwhenboththelatitudeandlongitudeofaplacearegiven,itisaccuratelyanypreciselylocatedwithrespecttothegeographicgrid.withrespectto关于、对于e.g.Inrespecttothecontentthisessayisgood,butitisunsatisfactoryinotherrespects.关于（至于）这文章的内容是好的，但其他方面不理想geographicgrid地理格网whenboththelatitudeandlongitudeofaplacearegiven,itisaccuratelyanypreciselylocatedwithrespecttothegeographicgrid.确定了一个地方的经纬度，就可以在地里网格上精确地定出它的位置constantvalue常值forordinarypurposes通常情况下bynomeans决不large–scalemap大比例尺地图small–scalemap小比例尺地图Figure1图1Fig.2图2Table1表1Tab.2表2Acircle,fittedtothecurvatureoftheellipseatthepole,islargerinradiusthanacirclefittedtotheellipseattheequator与极地椭圆相吻合的圆，其半径要比与赤道椭圆相吻合的圆的半径大at15intervals每隔15度Thefixedstar(sun)----planet----nebula---comet----meteor恒星----行星----星云----彗星---流星SolarsystemSunMercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,NeptunePluto(×)ThePlutoisdwarfplanet（矮行星）Lesson2.ROTATIONANDREVOLUTIONOFTHEEARTHRotation[rəu′teiʃən]自转Revolution[rəvə′lu:ʃən]公转Polar[pəulə];axis[æksis]solar[səulə]~day太阳日~hour太阳时centrifugal[sen′trifjugəl]sidereal[sai′diəriəl]~year恒星年tropical[′trəpikəl]~year回归年Vernal[′və:nəl]春天的equinox[′i:kwinɔks]n.二分点vernal~春分（点）calendar[′kælində]~year历年leapyear闰年Textpolaraxis极轴periodofrotation自转周期mean平均的、中间的、鄙陋的meansolarday平均太阳日～solarhour平均太阳时～temperature（velocity）平均气温～motivemeanmotive鄙陋的动机meanopinion自卑感Takeameancourse采取折衷方法Thisdayistheaveragetimerequiredfortheearthtomakeonecompleteturninrespecttothesun.inrespectto/withrespectto关于Thisdayistheaveragetimerequiredfortheearthtomakeonecompleteturninrespecttothesun.平均太阳日系地球对太阳而言完成一次自转所需的平均时间applyingoneofthefollowingrules采用下列法则之一globeNorthPoleSouthPoleEquatorMeridianParallelContinentOceanThePrimeMeridiannorthpoleoftheEarth地球北极counter反的、逆的counterclockwise逆时针Counteract反作用countermeasure对策theapparentmotionofthesunapparent明显的，表观的，外显的，视～angle视角;the～motionofthesun视太阳运动～solartime视太阳时body天体Thevelocityofearthrotation,definedasrateoftravelofapointontheearth’ssurfaceinacircularpathduetorotationalone,mayeasilybecomputedbydividingthelengthofparallelatthelatitudeofthepointinquestionby24,theapproximateperiodofrotation.inquestion正被讨论的thepointinquestion该点thejobinquestion该项工作thebookinquestion该书Thevelocityofearthrotation,definedasrateoftravelofapointontheearth’ssurfaceinacircularpathduetorotationalone,mayeasilybecomputedbydividingthelengthofparallelatthelatitudeofthepointinquestionby24,theapproximateperiodofrotation.地球自转速度的定义是地面上某一点仅由于自转而沿圆形轨道运动的速率，用该点所在纬度的纬线长度除以24（自转的近似周期），就可以很容易算出地球的速度。atconstantrate以恒定的速率physicalphenomena自然现象resultfrom起因于twoimportantphysicalphenomenaresultfromthedecreaseinrotationalvelocitywithincreaseinlatitude.自转速度随纬度增加而减小，这导致了两个重要的自然现象thereisacentrifugalforcegeneratedbytheearth’sturningwhichgivessurfaceobjectsafainttendencytoflyoffintospacecentrifugalforce离心力thereisacentrifugalforcegeneratedbytheearth’sturningwhichgivessurfaceobjectsafainttendencytoflyoffintospace