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主语从句&宾语从句一、名词性从句的分类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句二、主语从句(一)定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。(二)引导主语从句的关联词有三类:(1)从属连词that、whether。如:eg:Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。eg:Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。从属连词:that,whether等.that引导主语从句只起引导作用,本身无实际意义,在主语从句中不充当任何成分,但不能省略。由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首,句后都可。If只能放在句中。造句:1、很明显他是个好人。2、他通过了考试让妈妈很高兴。3、天气是否会转晴还不确定。(2)(特殊疑问词)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever如:__________watchwaslostisunknown.__________shedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。__________sidewillwinisnotclear.__________comesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。__________wassaidhasleftusmuchtothink.这里说的话都应当保密。造句:1、我们需要的是时间。2、谁将成为我们的班长还没有决定。3、哪本书更好还不知道。(3)(特殊疑问词)连接副词where,when,how,why,wherever,whenever,however。___________hediditremainsamystery.eg:Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.eg:Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚eg:Whereveryouareismyhome----myonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。eg:Howevergoodyouareisnonsense.造句:1、他是怎样成为一名老师的还不清楚。2、你无论什么时候来都不重要。(三)it作主语从句的形式主语1、主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有:A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。如:eg:Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。造句:很可能他把一切都告诉她了。B.It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。如:eg:It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。造句:很遗憾我们不能去。C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。如:ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。造句:据说格林先生已经到了北京。D.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如:eg:ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。eg:IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。E.It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:eg:Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否来这无关紧要。eg:Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:eg:Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?2、注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。eg:Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=thepersonwho)来的人将受到欢迎。eg:Whateverhedidwasright.(whatever=thethingthat)他所做的事情是正确的。eg:Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.(whichever=anyoneofyouwho)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。3、主语从句需注意的问题1)主语从句中用陈述语序eg:WhatsheisafraidofistheirtakinghertoParis.她害怕的是他们带她去巴黎。2)主语从句后谓语动词用第三人称单数eg:Thattheyhaven’tphonedisstrange.那些他们没有打电话的是陌生人。3)that引导的主语从句中,that不可被省略eg:Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.确定那价格会上涨。三、宾语从句(一)宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,可以作动词的宾语,也可以做介词的宾语。作动词的宾语:eg:Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语:Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词一个句子作介词的宾语(二)宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法1、在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that(that常可省略),whether,if代词:who,whose,what,which副词:when,where,how,why等。①连词:eg:Hetoldme(thathewould)gotothecollegethenextyear.他告诉我他明年上大学.eg:Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.eg:Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)2、可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。eg:Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.3、Attention:宾语从句的否定转移1)当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。eg:Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.2)主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.eg:Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?eg:Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?3)如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词,如:unhappy,unfair,dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.eg:Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?4)当主句的主语是第二、三人称时,其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。eg:Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,?eg:Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheproject,?eg:Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,?eg:Shedoesn'texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,?练习题(1).Idon’tthinkheisright,__________?A.isn’theB.isheC.doID.don’tI(2).Hebelievessheisright,__________?A.doesn’theB.doesheC.issheD.isn’tshe(3).Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,__________?A.didn’theB.didheC.didID.didn’tI(4).Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what(5).Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited4、在以下情况中that不能省略1)当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。eg:Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.2)当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。eg:JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3)当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。eg:Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.5、当it作形式宾语时例句:Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;由whether,if引导的宾语从句1、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:eg:Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereafte
本文标题:高二英语-主语从句+宾语从句
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