高考之高中化学重要知识点详细总结

1a2CO3NaHCO3Na2S2O3CaSO4.2H2O2CaSO4.H2OCaF2BaSO4NH4HCO3CaCO3CaONaClCa(OH)2Na2SO47H2O()NaOHFaSO47H2OCO2KAl(SO4)212H2OCa(ClO)2CaCl2MgSO47H2OCuSO45H2OH2O2ZnSO47H2OSiO2Al2O3Na2SiO3Fe2O3Fe3O4FeS2Cu2(OH)2CO3FeCO3Cu2OCa(OH)2CuSO4Ca(OH)2SNa2SiO3CaSiO3SiO2Ca(H2PO4)2CaSO4Ca(H2PO4)2CH4COH2Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2NO2HNO3HCl13Al+Fe2O3CONH2)2CHCl3CaC2C2H2()TNTC2H5OHO3CH3COOHH2SCO2COC3H8O3H2CH4COHCHO35%40%HCOOHC6H12O6C6H12O6C12H22O11C12H22O11C6H10O5nC17H35COOHC17H33COOHC15H31COOHHOOCCOOHCO2KMnO4Fe2+Fe3O4Fe(OH)2Fe3+Fe(OH)3Fe(SCN)3FeOFe(NH4)2(SO4)2Fe2O3FeSCu2+CuOCu2OCuSO4CuSO45H2OCu2(OH)2CO3Cu(OH)2[Cu(NH3)4]SO4BaSO4BaCO3Ag2CO3CaCO3AgClMg(OH)2Al(OH)3H4SiO4Cl2F2Br2I2HFHClHBrHICCl4KMnO4--MnO4-Na2O2Ag3PO4SAgBrAgIO3SO2SO344.80CHFN2O4NONO2NH321Ba(OH)2NH4Cl2NaH2O()3NaKCuCaNa+K+4CuCl25H2Cl26NaCl27PCl28SO29NH3HCl1011CO2MgO12Cl213HF4HF+SiO2SiF4+2H2O14Fe(OH)215FeAlH2SO4HNO316FeCl317HNO318SH2H2SCOCH4SO219])([])([32OHFeOHFe──→─20SNa2O2AgBr21SO2Cl222Fe2+Fe3+Cu2+MnO4-CuCu2OFe2O3[Fe(OH)3]CuOFeOFeSCuSAg2SPbS[Cu(OH)2]AgIAg3PO4[Fe(0H)2CaCO3BaSO4AgClBaSO3]Cl2NO212PH3.13.14.44.48.08.010.010.05.15.18.08.03Au3+Ag+Hg2+Cu2+Pb2+Fa2+Zn2+H+Al3+Mg2+Na+Ca2+K+S2-I-BrCl-OH-PtAu4123HONa2CO3AlCl33CO32-+2Al3++3H2O=2Al(OH)3+3CO2512KCl2KCl+2H2O==H2+Cl2+2KOH2KCl+2H2O==H2+Cl2+2KOH6123Pb+PbO2+2H2SO4=2PbSO4+2H2O()Pb2e-PbSO4PbO2+2e-PbSO4Pb+SO42--2e-=PbSO4PbO2+4H++SO42-+2e-=PbSO4+2H2OPbSO4+2e-=Pb+SO42-PbSO4+2H2O-2e-=PbO2+4H++SO42-3789SiSiCSiO2=SiCSiSiCO.101112MnO4-Cl2Br2Fe3+I2S=4(+4S)I2+SO2+H2O=H2SO4+2HI13Fe3+14H2ONH3HFCH3CH2OH151198%1.84g/cm3161234[Fe(SCN)2Fe(SCN)3Ag(NH3)+[Cu(NH3)4]2+]517AlOHClO4()18Hg(-38.9C),W3410cKPt19PH5.620HCO3-212223CO2H2OO2CO2H2OO224[CCl4CS2]25HCNH2OCu(OH)2CHO2AgHCHO4Ag+H2CO3HCHO+4[Ag(NH3)2]OH=(NH4)2CO3+4Ag+6NH3+2H2O26123Fe(OH)3AgI27SO2CONO2NOSO2NO2282920C10110.01302/31%CH31C2%4.3%C0.03%2%NaClMgCl2CaCl2MgCl2HNO3NaOH3214112OHNHNH234+↑─→─+212()()()2332222332HHHCOHCOCOSHSHSSOHSOSO+++------⎧──→↑⎪⎪──→↑⎨⎪──→↑⎪⎩3Na2S2O3S2O32-+2H+=S+SO2+H2O412561Al2Al2O3Al(OH)37Na2O2⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧↑+=++↑+=++↑──→─-232222222232222HSiONaOHNaOHSiHNaAlOOHNaOHAlHSiAlOH⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧↑↑───→─↑───→─⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧↑↑───→─↑↑───→─⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧↑↑──→─↑───→─↑──→─2222222222342342342NOSOSOSCONOCOSOCNONOSOHHNOSOHHNOSOHHNOSOHHCl⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧↑+=+↑+=[phone]OHFOHFHNaOHOHNa()()()⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧↑+=+↑+↓=+↑+↓=+↑+=+22222232323222322222326233422HCOHCaOHCaCSHOHAlOHSAlNHOHMgOHNMgONaOHOHONa()()()()()⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧↓──→─↓+↑──→─↓+↑──→─-----[phone]OHAlAlOOHAlSHHSSOHAlCOHCOCOAlOHOHOH⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+↑──→─+↑──→─NaOHOCONaOOHCO232222582FeCl3+H2S=2FeCl2+S+2HCl910Al+──→─+Al2O311Al3+Al(OH)3AlO2-122H2S+SO2=3S+2H2O4NH3+6NO──→─4N2+6H2O13123414++Cl2+H2OH2S+O2NH3+O2CH4+O2Cl2+FeBr2++NH3+NOH2S+SO2Na2O2+H2ONaH+H2ONa2O2+CO2CO+H2O+PCl3+Cl2Na2SO3+O2FeCl3+FeFeCl2+Cl2CO+O2Na2O+O214152312161)(222DCBAOHOO──→──→──→─323222HNONONONHOHOO──→──→──→─42322222SOHSOSOSHOHOO──→──→──→─322222COHCOCOCOHOO──→──→──→─NaOHONaONaNaOHOO──→──→──→─2222222A()⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧↑+↑+──→─↑+──→─↑+↑──→─22232222HClNaOHNaClOAlOAlOHOH⎩⎨⎧+→+.2.1⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+──→─+↑───→─+CMgOCOMgHFeMgNaOHH22222⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧+=++──→─++──→─+↑+=+HIHBrHClSSHIBrClHCOOHCCOSiSiOCOHFOHF2)(224222222222222⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧+──→─++──→─+222COCOHH⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧↑+↑─→─+↑+↑─→─+↑+↑─→─ΔΔΔSHNHSNHHSNHOHSONHSONHHSONHOHCONHCONHHCONH232442233243422332434])[(])[(])[(⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧↑+↑+─→─↑+↑+─→─ΔΔ223222322242)(2ONOAgAgNOONOCuONOCu⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧──→───→─CB6A(NH4)2CO3NH4HCO3(NH4)2SNH4HS(NH4)2SO3NH4HSO3322223322222223236454222232222NHHNOHNOONHSOOSOOOHOHOKClKClOMnOMnO───→─++───→─+───→─+↑+──→─↑+───→─ΔΔΔΔAB+C:H4SiO4MgOH2AlOH3CuOH2FeOH3CaCO3MgCO3CO2NaNO3KNO3KClO3(BCDNH4HCO3MgCl2·6H2OAlCl3·6H2OMgNO32CuNO32AgNO3KMnO4FeSO4NH4INH4HS(H2O2ABCDAlSiO2CSiO2CCFeCOCSiO2CaOCCO2CDEMnO2CCuFeCX2O2SNaMgAlZnFeCH2SFe3+Sn4+Cu2+Ag+Ag(NH3)2+Cu(OH)2Fe2+Sn2+S2-H2SI-HINH3Cl-HClBr-HBr7NO2N2O5MnO2Na2O2H2O2HClOHNO3H2SO4NaClOCa(ClO)2KClO3KMnO4COSO2H2SO3Na2SO3Na2S2O3NaNO2H2C2O4-CHO18HNO3()3Cu==2NO↑2Cu(NO3)24H2OS+6HNO3()===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O4HNO3()Cu==2NO2↑Cu(NO3)22H2O3S+4HNO3()===3SO2+4NO+2H2O2Cl2+2NaOH=====NaCl+NaClO+H2O3Cl2+6NaOH=====5NaCl+NaClO3+3H2O3.2S2-SO32-6H+3S3H2O5Cl-ClO3-6H+3Cl23H2OS2-SO32-Cl-ClO3-.Fe2+NO3-,.3Fe2+NO3-4H+3Fe3+NO2H2O,,.KMnO4.412P3Cl2===2PCl3(Cl2)2P5Cl2===2PCl5(Cl2)22H2S3O2===2H2O2SO2(O2)2H2SO2===2H2O2S(O2)34NaO2=====2Na2O2NaO2===Na2O24Ca(OH)2CO2CO2====CaCO3↓H2OCa(OH)22CO2()==Ca(HCO3)25CO2===CO2(O2)2CO2===2CO(O2)68HNO3()3Cu==2NO↑2Cu(NO3)24H2O4HNO3()Cu==2NO2↑Cu(NO3)22H2O7AlCl33NaOH==Al(OH)3↓3NaClAlCl34NaOH()==NaAlO22H2O8NaAlO24HCl()==NaCl2H2OAlCl3NaAlO2HClH2O==NaClAl(OH)3↓9Fe6HNO3()==Fe(NO3)33NO2↑3H2OFeHNO3()→()10Fe6HNO3()Fe====Fe(NO3)33NO2↑3H2OFe4HNO3()Fe====Fe(NO3)22NO2↑2H2O11Fe4HNO3()Fe====Fe(NO3)3NO↑2H2O3Fe8HNO3()Fe====3Fe(NO3)32NO↑4H2O12C2H5OHCH2=CH2↑H2OC2H5OHHOC2H5C2H5OC2H5H2OH2SO4170H2SO41404813Cl2Fe→HCl3Cl2→14C2H5ClNaOHH2O→C2H5OHNaClC2H5ClNaOH→CH2CH2↑NaClH2O156FeBr23Cl2==4FeBr32FeCl32FeBr23Cl2==2Br22FeCl3.1.Fe3+Al3+Zn2+Cu2+NH4+Ag+OH-.2CH3COO-F-CO32-SO32-S2-PO43-AlO2-H+.3.H+OH-.HSO3-HCO3-HS-H2PO4-HPO42-4.Ba2+Ca2+CO32-SO32-PO43-SO42-Ag+Cl-Br-I-Ca2+F-C2O42-5.Al3+HCO3-CO32-HS-S2-AlO2-ClO-SiO32-Fe3+HCO3-CO32-AlO2-ClO-SiO32-C6H5O-NH4+AlO2-SiO32-ClO-CO32-6.Fe3+I-S2-MnO4-H+I-Br-Cl-S2-SO32-