被动语态讲解和练习

被动语态一、什么是语态？语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。二、语态的种类：（1）主动语态（2）被动语态三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？四、被动语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态）be+及物动词的过去分词can/may/must…+be+过去分词1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时2)has/havebeendone现在完成时3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4)was/weredone一般过去时5)hadbeendone过去完成时Visitorsareaskednottotouchtheexhibits.(展品）AllthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompletedAnewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．Iwasgiventenminutestodecide.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时7)shall/willbedone一般将来时8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时被动语态的特殊结构形式1）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.Thebabycanbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2）一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouseisoftencleanedbyher.2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）HismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthdayHewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette(香烟）=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时，要加toSomeonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday一、系动词taste,smell,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。Theseflowerssmellsweet.Thatsoundsveryreasonable.Thefoodtastesdelicious.二、某些与can’twon’t等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如：1盒子不能移动。2门不会关。Theboxcan’tmove.Thedoorwon’tshut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久),wear(耐穿),等可用主动形式表达被动意义.如:Thiskindoffoodsellswell.这种食物畅销。Thisclothwasheswellandlastslong.这布料经洗、耐穿。Thefloordoesn’tcleaneasily.这地板不容易弄干净。五、形容词worth后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：1小说值得一读。2事情值得做。Thenovelisworthreading.Thethingisworthdoing.四、在动词require,need,want等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。Thetreesneedwatering.Childrenwantlookingafter.TheTVneedsmending.六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：1.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如：我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。Ihavealotofthingstodo.Hehasseveraltaskstocomplete.2.在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，常见句型有：1)n.+be+too+adj.+todo…Theplaneistoohightosee.2)n.+be+adj.+enough+todo…Thebookischeapenoughformetobuy.3)n.+be+adj.+todo…Thequestionisnoteasytoanswer.课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.4.Heisdrawingapicture._______________________byhim.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenApictureisbeingdrawnYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook.__________________________toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._________________herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_________________________Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesn’tlethersonswimintheriver._______________________intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear.__________________thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_____________________byher?ThenewbookhasbeengivenShecannotfindIssheoftenheardtosingHersonisn’tlettoswimTheywerebuildingIsthesongoftensung1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhavetoB．arenotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetoldC．I'mtoldD．ItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDCBC8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.---Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.---What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.---Doyoulikethecloth?---Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewr